{"id":282887,"date":"2016-12-22T16:25:07","date_gmt":"2016-12-22T13:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=282887"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T21:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=282887","title":{"rendered":"\u0423\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 code-for-learning-languages"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/files\/98c\/fe0\/f48\/98cfe0f48b1941cc9eee74ea522f1f02.jpg\" alt=\"image\"\/><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430. \u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430?<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 github&#8217;e <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/code-for-learning-languages\">code-for-learning-languages<\/a>, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0443, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e <strong>\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e &quot;\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430&quot; \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430. <\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 (\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430), \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c (\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a \ud83d\ude42 ). \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 open sourc&#8217;\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u2014 <strong>\u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 (\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 Java, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0421\u0438-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442), \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d pull request&#8217;\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"habracut\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code>    switch (tenseForms) {         case SIMPLE:             return pronoun + verb + &quot;ed&quot;;         case CONTINUOUS:             return pronoun + (pronoun == I || pronoun == HE_SHE_IT? WAS: WERE) + verb + &quot;ing&quot;;         case PERFECT:             return pronoun + HAD + verb + &quot;ed&quot;;         case PERFECT_CONTINUOUS:             return pronoun + HAD + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;;     }    <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h3 id=\"pravila-dlya-vremen\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d<\/h3>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h4 id=\"opishem-utverditelnye-predlozheniya-dlya-kazhdogo-vremeni-positive-sentence\">\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (Positive sentence)<\/h4>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Tense<\/th>\n<th>Simple<\/th>\n<th>Continuous<\/th>\n<th>Perfect<\/th>\n<th>Perfect Continuous<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Past<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == I || pronoun == HE_SHE_IT? WAS: WERE) + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + HAD + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + HAD + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Present<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + verb + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? &quot;s&quot; : &quot;&quot;)<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == I ? AM : pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? IS : ARE) + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Future<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WILL + verb<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WILL + BE + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WILL + HAVE + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Future In Past<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WOULD + BE + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WOULD + BE + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WOULD + HAVE + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a:<br \/>  <strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">        switch (tenseForms) {             case SIMPLE:                 return pronoun + verb + &quot;ed&quot;;             case CONTINUOUS:                 return pronoun + (pronoun == I || pronoun == HE_SHE_IT? WAS: WERE) + verb + &quot;ing&quot;;             case PERFECT:                 return pronoun + HAD + verb + &quot;ed&quot;;             case PERFECT_CONTINUOUS:                 return pronoun + HAD + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;;         }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">        switch (tenseForms) {             case SIMPLE:                 return pronoun + verb + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? &quot;s&quot; : &quot;&quot;);             case CONTINUOUS:                 return pronoun + (pronoun == I ? AM : pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? IS : ARE) + verb + &quot;ing&quot;;             case PERFECT:                 return pronoun + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) + verb + &quot;ed&quot;;             case PERFECT_CONTINUOUS:                 return pronoun + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;;         }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0411\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435<\/strong>: <\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">       switch (tenseForms) {             case SIMPLE:                 return pronoun + WILL + verb;             case CONTINUOUS:                 return pronoun +  WILL + BE + verb + &quot;ing&quot;;             case PERFECT:                 return pronoun + WILL +  HAVE + verb + &quot;ed&quot;;             case PERFECT_CONTINUOUS:                 return pronoun +  WILL +  HAVE + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;;         }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"spoiler\"><b class=\"spoiler_title\">\u0410\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"spoiler_text\">\n<p><strong>\u0411\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">    private static String buildPositiveSentence(Pronoun pronoun, String verb, TenseForms tenseForms) {         return pronoun + WILL + getAuxiliary(tenseForms) + verb + getEnding(tenseForms);     }      private static String getEnding(TenseForms tenseForms) {         if(tenseForms == SIMPLE) return &quot;&quot;;         else return tenseForms == PERFECT ? &quot;ed&quot;: &quot;ing&quot;;     }      private static String getAuxiliary(TenseForms tenseForms) {         switch (tenseForms) {             case SIMPLE:                 return &quot;&quot;;             case CONTINUOUS:                 return BE;             case PERFECT:                 return HAVE;         }         return HAVE + BEEN;     } <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">    private static String buildPositiveSentence(Pronoun pronoun, String verb, TenseForms tenseForms) {         return pronoun + getAuxiliaryVerb(pronoun, tenseForms, true) +                 getBeenOrEmpty(tenseForms) + verb + getEnding(tenseForms, true);     }      private static String getAuxiliaryVerb(Pronoun pronoun, TenseForms tenseForms, boolean isPositive) {         switch (tenseForms) {             case SIMPLE:                 return isPositive ? &quot;&quot; : DID;             case CONTINUOUS:                 return pronoun == I || pronoun == HE_SHE_IT? WAS: WERE;         }         return HAD;     }      private static String getEnding(TenseForms tenseForms, boolean isPositive) {         if(tenseForms == SIMPLE) return isPositive? &quot;ed&quot; : &quot;&quot;;         else return tenseForms == PERFECT ? &quot;ed&quot;: &quot;ing&quot;;     }      private static String getBeenOrEmpty(TenseForms tenseForms) {         return tenseForms == PERFECT_CONTINUOUS ? BEEN: &quot;&quot;;     }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">    private static String buildPositiveSentence(Pronoun pronoun, String verb, TenseForms tenseForms) {         return pronoun + getAuxiliaryVerb(pronoun, tenseForms) +                 getBeenOrEmpty(tenseForms) + verb + getEnding(pronoun, tenseForms, true);     }    private static String getAuxiliaryVerb(Pronoun pronoun, TenseForms tenseForms) {         switch (tenseForms) {             case SIMPLE:                 return pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? DOES : DO;             case CONTINUOUS:                 return pronoun == I ? AM : pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? IS : ARE;         }         return pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE;     }      private static String getEnding(Pronoun pronoun, TenseForms tenseForms, boolean isPositive) {         if(tenseForms == SIMPLE) return isPositive &amp;&amp; pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? &quot;s&quot; : &quot;&quot;;         else return tenseForms == PERFECT ? &quot;ed&quot;: &quot;ing&quot;;     }      private static String getBeenOrEmpty(TenseForms tenseForms) {         return tenseForms == PERFECT_CONTINUOUS ? BEEN: &quot;&quot;;     }<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043c. \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/code-for-learning-languages\/tree\/master\/java-english\/src\/main\/java\/com\/github\/vedenin\/english\">github&#8217;e<\/a><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h4 id=\"opishem-otricatelnye-predlozheniya-dlya-kazhdogo-vremeni-negative-sentence\">\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (Negative sentence)<\/h4>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Tense<\/th>\n<th>Simple<\/th>\n<th>Continuous<\/th>\n<th>Perfect<\/th>\n<th>Perfect Continuous<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Past<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + DID +&quot;not &quot; + verb<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == I || pronoun == HE_SHE_IT? WAS: WERE) + &quot;not &quot; + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + HAD + &quot;not &quot; + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + HAD + &quot;not &quot; + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Present<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? DOES : DO) + &quot;not &quot; + verb<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == I ? AM : pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? IS : ARE) + &quot;not &quot; + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) + &quot;not &quot; + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) + &quot;not &quot; + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Future<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WILL + &quot;not &quot; + verb<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WILL + &quot;not &quot; + BE + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WILL + &quot;not &quot; + HAVE + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WILL + &quot;not &quot; + HAVE + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043c. \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/code-for-learning-languages\/tree\/master\/java-english\/src\/main\/java\/com\/github\/vedenin\/english\">github&#8217;e<\/a><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h4 id=\"voprosy-questions\">\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b (Questions)<\/h4>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Tense<\/th>\n<th>Simple<\/th>\n<th>Continuous<\/th>\n<th>Perfect<\/th>\n<th>Perfect Continuous<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Past<\/td>\n<td><code>DID + pronoun + verb + &quot;?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>(pronoun == I || pronoun == HE_SHE_IT? WAS: WERE) + pronoun + verb + &quot;ing?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>HAD + pronoun + verb + &quot;ed?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>HAD + pronoun + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Present<\/td>\n<td><code>(pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? DOES : DO) + pronoun + verb + &quot;?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>(pronoun == I ? AM : pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? IS : ARE) + pronoun + verb + &quot;ing?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>(pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) + pronoun + verb + &quot;ed?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>(pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) + pronoun + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Future<\/td>\n<td><code>WILL + pronoun + verb + &quot;?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>WILL + pronoun + BE + verb + &quot;ing?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>WILL + pronoun + HAVE + verb + &quot;ed?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>WILL + pronoun + HAVE + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing?&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0441\u043c. \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/code-for-learning-languages\/tree\/master\/java-english\/src\/main\/java\/com\/github\/vedenin\/english\">github&#8217;e<\/a><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h4 id=\"passivnyy-zalog-passive\">\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 (Passive)<\/h4>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Tense<\/th>\n<th>Simple<\/th>\n<th>Continuous<\/th>\n<th>Perfect<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Past<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == I || pronoun == HE_SHE_IT? WAS: WERE) + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == I || pronoun == HE_SHE_IT? WAS: WERE) + BEING + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + HAD + BEEN + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Present<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == I ? AM : pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? IS : ARE) + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == I ? AM : pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? IS : ARE) + BEING + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) + BEEN + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Future<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WILL + BE + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<td>NULL<\/td>\n<td><code>pronoun + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + verb + &quot;ed&quot;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0441\u043c. \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/code-for-learning-languages\/tree\/master\/java-english\/src\/main\/java\/com\/github\/vedenin\/english\">github&#8217;e<\/a><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h4 id=\"buduschee-v-proshlom\">\u0411\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c<\/h4>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c. <\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">        switch (tenseForms) {             case SIMPLE:                 return pronoun + WOULD + verb;             case CONTINUOUS:                 return pronoun + WOULD + BE + verb + &quot;ing&quot;;             case PERFECT:                 return pronoun + WOULD +  HAVE + verb + &quot;ed&quot;;             case PERFECT_CONTINUOUS:                 return pronoun + WOULD +  HAVE + BEEN + verb + &quot;ing&quot;;         }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0441\u043c. \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/code-for-learning-languages\/tree\/master\/java-english\/src\/main\/java\/com\/github\/vedenin\/english\">github&#8217;e<\/a><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h4 id=\"uslovnye-predlozheniya\">\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h4>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><strong>1 \u0442\u0438\u043f<\/strong>: \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438,<br \/>  \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<br \/>  \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u2013 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">if(condition == REAL &amp;&amp; (tense == PRESENT || tense == FUTURE)) {             verdInMainStatement = convertToFuture(verdInMainStatement);             verdInSecondStatement = convertToPresent(verdInSecondStatement );         }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><strong>2 \u0442\u0438\u043f<\/strong>: \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438,<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">if(condition == UNREAL &amp;&amp; (tense == PRESENT || tense == FUTURE)) {             verdInMainStatement = SHOULD + verdInMainStatement;             verdInSecondStatement = verdInSecondStatement.equals(&quot;be&quot;)? WERE:                     (verdInSecondStatement + &quot;ed&quot;);         }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><strong>3 \u0442\u0438\u043f<\/strong>: \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438:<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">if(condition == UNREAL &amp;&amp; tense == PAST) {             verdInMainStatement = SHOULD + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) + verdInMainStatement + &quot;ed&quot;;             verdInSecondStatement = HAD + verdInSecondStatement + &quot;ed&quot;;         }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435:<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">        if(condition == REAL) {             if(tense == PRESENT || tense == FUTURE) { \/\/ FirstCondition                                 verdInMainStatement = convertToFuture(verdInMainStatement);                 verdInSecondStatement = convertToPresent(verdInSecondStatement);             } else {                 throw new IllegalStateException(); \/\/ Condition isn't exist              }         } else if(condition == UNREAL) {             if(tense == PRESENT || tense == FUTURE) { \/\/ SecondCondition                                 verdInMainStatement = SHOULD + verdInMainStatement;                 verdInSecondStatement = verdInSecondStatement.equals(&quot;be&quot;)? WERE:                         (verdInSecondStatement + &quot;ed&quot;);             } else { \/\/ ThirdCondition                                 verdInMainStatement = SHOULD + (pronoun == HE_SHE_IT ? HAS: HAVE) +                         verdInMainStatement + &quot;ed&quot;;                 verdInSecondStatement = HAD + verdInSecondStatement + &quot;ed&quot;;             }         } else {             throw new IllegalStateException(); \/\/ Condition isn't exist         } <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0441\u043c. \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/code-for-learning-languages\/tree\/master\/java-english\/src\/main\/java\/com\/github\/vedenin\/english\">github&#8217;e<\/a><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 (\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430). \u0423\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445)!<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><strong>P.S.<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 github&#8217;e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/code-for-learning-languages\">code-for-learning-languages<\/a>, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 (\u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c \u0432 pull reauests), \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.<br \/>  \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\/\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0442.\u043f. \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432). <\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><strong>P.P.S.<\/strong> \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0438 open-source \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b: <\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/useful-java-links\">useful-java-links<\/a> \u2014 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430 open-source Java \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 (\u0438 \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/useful-java-links\/tree\/master\/link-rus\">\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c <\/a> ),<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Vedenin\/useful-java-links\/tree\/master\/helloworlds\">helloworlds <\/a> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 Java \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a,<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/users\/vedenin1980\/topics\/\">\u0428\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/a> \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e Java \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430,<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p> \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/276021\/\"> https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/276021\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/files\/98c\/fe0\/f48\/98cfe0f48b1941cc9eee74ea522f1f02.jpg\" alt=\"image\"\/><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u044f 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