{"id":324255,"date":"2021-06-03T09:00:30","date_gmt":"2021-06-03T09:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=324255"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T21:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=324255","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0451\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0434 SQLAlchemy \u0421ore"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"post__text post__text_v2\" id=\"post-content-body\">\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e Python \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 ORM, \u0438 \u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a DjangoOrm \u0438 SQLAlchemy.ORM. \u0411\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c ORM-\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 ORM \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0411\u0414. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0431 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 raw SQL, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c SQLAlchemy Core.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 ORM<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/6b1\/85a\/52b\/6b185a52b48d3b8db562f5a33e07cc38.png\" width=\"1200\" height=\"555\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 SQLAlchemy Core, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Django ORM \u0438 ponyORM \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>SQLAlchemy.ORM: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 ORM&nbsp;\u0432 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0430-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.sqlalchemy.org\/en\/14\/changelog\/migration_14.html#change-3414\">\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438<\/a> \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 1.4, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f production-\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Peewee: \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 Core-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c SQLAlchemy \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 Peewee \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b (\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Gino: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f ORM \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlalchemy.org\/\">SQLAlchemy<\/a>&nbsp;Core. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431 SQLAlchemy. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>tortoise-orm: \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 Django ORM \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 SQLAlchemy Core<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/089\/658\/8bc\/0896588bc2303e566444e9ba362b4278.png\" width=\"1212\" height=\"1054\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0410\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434 SQL-\u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f SQLAlchemy \u0421ore. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e ORM, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e mapping \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0411\u0414 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, SQLAlchemy \u0421ore \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 SQL \u2014 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 Core, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 SQLAlchemy \u0421ore \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u044d\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0411\u0414.<\/p>\n<p>SQLAlchemy Core \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 API SQLAlchemy \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443-\u043e\u0431\u0451\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0410\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">tbl = cls.__table__ select_sql = select([tbl]).where(tbl.c.user_type == user_type)  cursor = await conn.execute(select_sql)  rows = await cursor.fetchall()<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">tbl = cls.__table__ insert_sql = tbl.insert().values(val='abc').returning(*tbl.c) cursor = await conn.execute(insert_sql) row = await cursor.fetchone()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 SQLAlchemy Core, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0411\u0414 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">user = await User.select().where(User.user_type == user_type).get(conn) _ = await User.insert().values(val='abc').execute(conn)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 insert, select, update \u0438 delete.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c  \u00ab\u043e\u0431\u0451\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0443\u00bb<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2ab\/415\/2da\/2ab4152da9b147eb1ef72dd7eb8f553d.png\" width=\"1200\" height=\"684\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 select \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0451\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b join, \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">class SelectQuery: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def __init__(self, model, fields): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._model = model &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._from = None &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _fields = [] &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._relations = {field.class_ if isinstance(field, QueryableAttribute) else field for field in fields} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if model in self._relations: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._relations.remove(model) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for field in fields: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if isinstance(field, QueryableAttribute): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _fields.append(getattr(field.class_.__table__.c, field.key)) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;elif isinstance(field, sa.Column): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _fields.append(field) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; elif hasattr(field, '__table__'): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for f in field.__table__.c: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _fields.append(f) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _fields.append(field)  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = sa.select([model, *self._relations]).with_only_columns(_fields)  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def join(self, right, on): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._from = sa.join(self._model, right, on) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._from = self._from.join(right, on) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def outerjoin(self, right, on): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._from = sa.outerjoin(self._model, right, on) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._from = self._from.outerjoin(right, on) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def where(self, condition): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.where(condition) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def group_by(self, column): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.group_by(column) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def order_by(self, *fields): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.order_by(*fields) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def distinct(self, *fields): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.distinct() &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def limit(self, limit): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.limit(limit) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def offset(self, offset): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.offset(offset) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; async def get(self, conn): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is not None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.select_from(self._from)  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; result = await conn.execute(self._stmt) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; result = await result.first() &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return result  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; async def all(self, conn): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is not None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.select_from(self._from)  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; result = await conn.execute(self._stmt) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;return await result.fetchall()  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def get_query(self): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is not None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self._stmt.select_from(self._from) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self._stmt  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; @property &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def raw_sql(self): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; stmt = self._stmt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is not None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; stmt = stmt.select_from(self._from) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return stmt.compile(compile_kwargs={'literal_binds': True})  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def _create_model(self, model_class, data): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; model_fields = { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getattr(field, 'name'): data[str(field)] for field in model_class.__table__.c if str(field) in data &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; } &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; model = model_class(**model_fields) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for relation in model_class.__mapper__.relationships: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if relation.mapper.class_ in self._relations: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; relation_model = self._create_model(relation.mapper.class_, data) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; setattr(model, relation.key, relation_model)  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return model<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">class DeleteQuery:     def __init__(self, model, stmt):         self._model = model         self._stmt = stmt      def where(self, condition):         self._stmt = self._stmt.where(condition)         return self      def returning(self, *cols):         self._stmt = self._stmt.returning(*cols)         return self      async def execute(self, conn):         return await conn.execute(self._stmt)      def get_query(self):         return self._stmt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f insert \u0438 update \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">class StatementQuery:     def __init__(self, model, stmt):         self._model = model         self._stmt = stmt         self._values = None      def values(self, **values):         self._values = self._filter_values(values)         return self      def where(self, condition):         self._stmt = self._stmt.where(condition)         return self      def returning(self, *cols):         self._stmt = self._stmt.returning(*cols)         return self      async def execute(self, conn):         self._values = self._filter_values(self._values)         if not self._values:             return         self._stmt = self._stmt.values(self._values)         result = await conn.execute(self._stmt)         return result      def get_query(self):         values = self._filter_values(self._values)         return self._stmt.values(values)      def _filter_values(self, values):         return {             f.key: values[f.key] for f in self._model.__table__.c if f.key in values         }  <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0451\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 SQLAlchemy:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">class DB:     @classmethod     def select(cls, fields=['*']):         return SelectQuery(cls, fields)      @classmethod     def update(cls):         return StatementQuery(cls, sa.update(cls))      @classmethod     def insert(cls):         return StatementQuery(cls, sa.insert(cls))      @classmethod     def delete(cls):         return DeleteQuery(cls, sa.delete(cls))      @staticmethod     def before_save(data):         pass      @staticmethod     def after_save(data):         pass      @classmethod     def model_fields(cls):         return list(filter(lambda x: not x.startswith('_'), dir(cls))) <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base  Base = declarative_base()  class User(Base, DB):     __tablename__ = 'user'      id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)     login = Column(String(255))     active = Column(Boolean, default=True)          @staticmethod     async def get_by_login(login, conn):         user = await User.select() \\             .where(User.login == login) \\             .get(conn)         return user              @staticmethod     async def get_all_active(conn):         users = await User.select() \\             .where(User.active.is_(True)) \\             .all(conn)         return users            @staticmethod     async def create_user(login, conn):       _ = await User.insert().values(         login=login       ).execute(conn)       return True          @staticmethod     async def delete_user(login, conn):       _ = await User.update().values(         active=False       ).execute(conn)       return True<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/da2\/89e\/a46\/da289ea4617ee58e7d7387d0a9f40fee.png\" width=\"1124\" height=\"630\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 ORM \u043d\u0430 Python \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0411\u0414 \u0432 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 SQLAlchemy Core \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 SQL \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c  \u00ab\u043e\u0431\u0451\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0443\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p> \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/domclick\/blog\/557638\/\"> https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/domclick\/blog\/557638\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"post__text post__text_v2\" id=\"post-content-body\">\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e Python \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 ORM, \u0438 \u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a DjangoOrm \u0438 SQLAlchemy.ORM. \u0411\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c ORM-\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 ORM \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0411\u0414. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0431 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 raw SQL, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c SQLAlchemy Core.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 ORM<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 SQLAlchemy Core, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Django ORM \u0438 ponyORM \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>SQLAlchemy.ORM: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 ORM&nbsp;\u0432 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0430-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.sqlalchemy.org\/en\/14\/changelog\/migration_14.html#change-3414\">\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438<\/a> \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 1.4, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f production-\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Peewee: \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 Core-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c SQLAlchemy \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 Peewee \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b (\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Gino: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f ORM \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlalchemy.org\/\">SQLAlchemy<\/a>&nbsp;Core. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431 SQLAlchemy. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>tortoise-orm: \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 Django ORM \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 SQLAlchemy Core<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0410\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434 SQL-\u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f SQLAlchemy \u0421ore. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e ORM, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e mapping \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0411\u0414 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, SQLAlchemy \u0421ore \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 SQL \u2014 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 Core, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 SQLAlchemy \u0421ore \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u044d\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0411\u0414.<\/p>\n<p>SQLAlchemy Core \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 API SQLAlchemy \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443-\u043e\u0431\u0451\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0410\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">tbl = cls.__table__ select_sql = select([tbl]).where(tbl.c.user_type == user_type)  cursor = await conn.execute(select_sql)  rows = await cursor.fetchall()<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">tbl = cls.__table__ insert_sql = tbl.insert().values(val='abc').returning(*tbl.c) cursor = await conn.execute(insert_sql) row = await cursor.fetchone()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 SQLAlchemy Core, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0411\u0414 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">user = await User.select().where(User.user_type == user_type).get(conn) _ = await User.insert().values(val='abc').execute(conn)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 insert, select, update \u0438 delete.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c  \u00ab\u043e\u0431\u0451\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0443\u00bb<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 select \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0451\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b join, \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">class SelectQuery: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def __init__(self, model, fields): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._model = model &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._from = None &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _fields = [] &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._relations = {field.class_ if isinstance(field, QueryableAttribute) else field for field in fields} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if model in self._relations: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._relations.remove(model) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for field in fields: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if isinstance(field, QueryableAttribute): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _fields.append(getattr(field.class_.__table__.c, field.key)) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;elif isinstance(field, sa.Column): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _fields.append(field) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; elif hasattr(field, '__table__'): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for f in field.__table__.c: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _fields.append(f) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; _fields.append(field)  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = sa.select([model, *self._relations]).with_only_columns(_fields)  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def join(self, right, on): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._from = sa.join(self._model, right, on) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._from = self._from.join(right, on) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def outerjoin(self, right, on): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._from = sa.outerjoin(self._model, right, on) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._from = self._from.outerjoin(right, on) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def where(self, condition): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.where(condition) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def group_by(self, column): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.group_by(column) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def order_by(self, *fields): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.order_by(*fields) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def distinct(self, *fields): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.distinct() &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def limit(self, limit): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.limit(limit) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def offset(self, offset): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.offset(offset) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; async def get(self, conn): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is not None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.select_from(self._from)  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; result = await conn.execute(self._stmt) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; result = await result.first() &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return result  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; async def all(self, conn): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is not None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; self._stmt = self._stmt.select_from(self._from)  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; result = await conn.execute(self._stmt) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;return await result.fetchall()  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def get_query(self): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is not None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self._stmt.select_from(self._from) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return self._stmt  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; @property &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def raw_sql(self): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; stmt = self._stmt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if self._from is not None: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; stmt = stmt.select_from(self._from) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return stmt.compile(compile_kwargs={'literal_binds': True})  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; def _create_model(self, model_class, data): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; model_fields = { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getattr(field, 'name'): data[str(field)] for field in model_class.__table__.c if str(field) in data &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; } &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; model = model_class(**model_fields) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for relation in model_class.__mapper__.relationships: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if relation.mapper.class_ in self._relations: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; relation_model = self._create_model(relation.mapper.class_, data) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; setattr(model, relation.key, relation_model)  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return model<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">class DeleteQuery:     def __init__(self, model, stmt):         self._model = model         self._stmt = stmt      def where(self, condition):         self._stmt = self._stmt.where(condition)         return self      def returning(self, *cols):         self._stmt = self._stmt.returning(*cols)         return self      async def execute(self, conn):         return await conn.execute(self._stmt)      def get_query(self):         return self._stmt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f insert \u0438 update \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">class StatementQuery:     def __init__(self, model, stmt):         self._model = model         self._stmt = stmt         self._values = None      def values(self, **values):         self._values = self._filter_values(values)         return self      def where(self, condition):         self._stmt = self._stmt.where(condition)         return self      def returning(self, *cols):         self._stmt = self._stmt.returning(*cols)         return self      async def execute(self, conn):         self._values = self._filter_values(self._values)         if not self._values:             return         self._stmt = self._stmt.values(self._values)         result = await conn.execute(self._stmt)         return result      def get_query(self):         values = self._filter_values(self._values)         return self._stmt.values(values)      def _filter_values(self, values):         return {             f.key: values[f.key] for f in self._model.__table__.c if f.key in values         }  <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0451\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 SQLAlchemy:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">class DB:     @classmethod     def select(cls, fields=['*']):         return SelectQuery(cls, fields)      @classmethod     def update(cls):         return StatementQuery(cls, sa.update(cls))      @classmethod     def insert(cls):         return StatementQuery(cls, sa.insert(cls))      @classmethod     def delete(cls):         return DeleteQuery(cls, sa.delete(cls))      @staticmethod     def before_save(data):         pass      @staticmethod     def after_save(data):         pass      @classmethod     def model_fields(cls):         return list(filter(lambda x: not x.startswith('_'), dir(cls))) <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base  Base = declarative_base()  class User(Base, DB):     __tablename__ = 'user'      id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)     login = Column(String(255))     active = Column(Boolean, default=True)          @staticmethod     async def get_by_login(login, conn):         user = await User.select() \\             .where(User.login == login) \\             .get(conn)         return user              @staticmethod     async def get_all_active(conn):         users = await User.select() \\             .where(User.active.is_(True)) \\             .all(conn)         return users            @staticmethod     async def create_user(login, conn):       _ = await User.insert().values(         login=login       ).execute(conn)       return True          @staticmethod     async def delete_user(login, conn):       _ = await User.update().values(         active=False       ).execute(conn)       return True<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 ORM \u043d\u0430 Python \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0411\u0414 \u0432 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 SQLAlchemy Core \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 SQL \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-324255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324255","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=324255"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324255\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=324255"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=324255"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=324255"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}