{"id":344294,"date":"2023-01-22T03:00:19","date_gmt":"2023-01-22T03:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=344294"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T21:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=344294","title":{"rendered":"<span>\u041b\u0435\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u0439\u0430<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"post-content-body\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-formatted-body article-formatted-body article-formatted-body_version-2\">\n<div xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X.\" alt=\"X.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c41\/391\/878\/c41391878b1e33705fe8bab7b48b139a.svg\" width=\"22\" height=\"17\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G\" alt=\"G\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/8c3\/f0c\/eb7\/8c3f0ceb79efb197a320f9e20095999e.svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\"\/> \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X,\" alt=\"X,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/a08\/086\/68c\/a0808668c5002b1c2524bd69ee9a4d1f.svg\" width=\"22\" height=\"20\"\/> \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\forall g \\in G\" alt=\"\\forall g \\in G\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/dc9\/5ad\/505\/dc95ad505dd3ba9bd3aef3c2115e154b.svg\" width=\"59\" height=\"20\"\/>\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\forall x \\in X\" alt=\"\\forall x \\in X\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b48\/890\/bbe\/b48890bbe6e4885c6ccefa5be61935e0.svg\" width=\"62\" height=\"17\"\/>\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g\" alt=\"g\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/65c\/f69\/f3a\/65cf69f3afdff6cb6ca36ae987a50b64.svg\" width=\"9\" height=\"15\"\/> \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/0be\/c8b\/b9c\/0bec8bb9cccd1a9f7776b5d419ba5c90.svg\" width=\"11\" height=\"12\"\/> (\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"gx),\" alt=\"gx),\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e6f\/ade\/539\/e6fade5394f58c9122c695ef0e995770.svg\" width=\"33\" height=\"22\"\/> \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"gx \\in X;\" alt=\"gx \\in X;\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/748\/a42\/9eb\/748a429eb3a6f2bbb79b0144fff5a99e.svg\" width=\"66\" height=\"20\"\/><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\forall {g}_{1}, {g}_{2} \\in G, \\forall x \\in X\" alt=\"\\forall {g}_{1}, {g}_{2} \\in G, \\forall x \\in X\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/bdc\/71e\/6df\/bdc71e6df9f8c727e2219365ebbe5e0a.svg\" width=\"164\" height=\"21\"\/>\u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"({g}_{1}{g}_{2})x = {g}_{1} ({g}_{2}x);\" alt=\"({g}_{1}{g}_{2})x = {g}_{1} ({g}_{2}x);\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/4a5\/800\/2af\/4a58002afdb1a35e1727a4478c3554ba.svg\" width=\"155\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\forall x \\in X\" alt=\"\\forall x \\in X\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b74\/893\/ac3\/b74893ac34b2c17be75c8cc239e30673.svg\" width=\"62\" height=\"17\"\/>\u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"ex = x\" alt=\"ex = x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/d16\/28e\/ccf\/d1628eccf694b026d963ccd1b950aded.svg\" width=\"57\" height=\"12\"\/>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 1.<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X = \\mathbb {R}^{2}, G = \\{ \\mathbb{R} \\setminus \\{ 0 \\}, \\cdot \\}\" alt=\"X = \\mathbb {R}^{2}, G = \\{ \\mathbb{R} \\setminus \\{ 0 \\}, \\cdot \\}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/53d\/87d\/445\/53d87d445c195e244a2157fd2f4b6ff2.svg\" width=\"209\" height=\"25\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(x,y) \\in X:\" alt=\"(x,y) \\in X:\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/ca6\/db5\/f77\/ca6db5f7788c7ba8b1be1eba597ed02a.svg\" width=\"95\" height=\"22\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g(x,y) = (gx, gy),\" alt=\"g(x,y) = (gx, gy),\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b0e\/f63\/cb1\/b0ef63cb187c4d16861ab5c5ad12994a.svg\" width=\"147\" height=\"22\"\/>\u0433\u0434\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g\" alt=\"g\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e95\/abf\/620\/e95abf620910fbafa9a6dd5753192220.svg\" width=\"9\" height=\"15\"\/>&#8212; \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(gx,gy) \\in \\mathbb{R}{^2}\" alt=\"(gx,gy) \\in \\mathbb{R}{^2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/945\/957\/eb7\/945957eb753be9a2741eaef415aafb95.svg\" width=\"109\" height=\"25\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 2<\/strong>. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"z = sin(ln(x)).\" alt=\"z = sin(ln(x)).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/0d7\/4ee\/314\/0d74ee314c916f9443db327c2d00fed1.svg\" width=\"126\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<figure class=\"bordered\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2af\/b56\/381\/2afb563812350231271bdee63adcbe6d.png\" alt=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439\" title=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439\" width=\"262\" height=\"185\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2af\/b56\/381\/2afb563812350231271bdee63adcbe6d.png\"\/><figcaption>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 3. <\/strong>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(x,y)\" alt=\"(x,y)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/24c\/6d1\/16e\/24c6d116ee24f88376f7c79649c3010a.svg\" width=\"44\" height=\"22\"\/>\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\alpha\" alt=\"\\alpha\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/777\/5df\/cfa\/7775dfcfa39363205fc9235e403a5352.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G = \\{ [0, 2\\pi), + \\text{ mod} 2\\pi \\}.\" alt=\"G = \\{ [0, 2\\pi), + \\text{ mod} 2\\pi \\}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c48\/928\/ce5\/c48928ce5827260038895b32fc3b7377.svg\" width=\"203\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2af\/8f5\/9a4\/2af8f59a4e0f8abd8f448ac108bc4c9c.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" width=\"263\" height=\"271\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2af\/8f5\/9a4\/2af8f59a4e0f8abd8f448ac108bc4c9c.png\"\/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 4. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X = \\mathbb{B}^{n}\" alt=\"X = \\mathbb{B}^{n}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/33e\/a77\/cd1\/33ea77cd1d7682fbc1a5ecc6a446e22a.svg\" width=\"65\" height=\"18\"\/>(<\/strong>\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n)\" alt=\"n)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/ecf\/75d\/131\/ecf75d1313f784e1fe6357a51f3121a3.svg\" width=\"19\" height=\"22\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G = {S}_{n}\" alt=\"G = {S}_{n}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/010\/0b9\/25b\/0100b925b2706b76dacb1c61cf206390.svg\" width=\"63\" height=\"20\"\/>\u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"p = ({p}_{1}, {p}_{2}, \\ldots, {p}_{n}) \\in {S}_{n}.\" alt=\"p = ({p}_{1}, {p}_{2}, \\ldots, {p}_{n}) \\in {S}_{n}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/664\/12b\/cc8\/66412bcc85a60a82394705ad06ffcbbe.svg\" width=\"210\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 5. <\/strong>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X = {T}^{n}\" alt=\"X = {T}^{n}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e8f\/e51\/f72\/e8fe51f728011f726e3eab196e1a452f.svg\" width=\"67\" height=\"18\"\/>(\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b &#8212; \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b), \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G = \\{ \\{ 0, \\ldots, n-1 \\}, + \\text{ } mod \\text{ } n \\}.\" alt=\"G = \\{ \\{ 0, \\ldots, n-1 \\}, + \\text{ } mod \\text{ } n \\}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/4bd\/a4e\/caf\/4bda4ecaf24825e63a26b709edccda93.svg\" width=\"263\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a \\in G\" alt=\"a \\in G\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/1d7\/fb0\/9f1\/1d7fb09f13ff51ef73397d892660f22f.svg\" width=\"49\" height=\"17\"\/> \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{a}^{-1} = (n-a) \\text{ } mod \\text{ } n.\" alt=\"{a}^{-1} = (n-a) \\text{ } mod \\text{ } n.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/a89\/62f\/5e6\/a8962f5e6ef4995fd75fc5c9b1bb6b61.svg\" width=\"179\" height=\"25\"\/><\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/828\/9ad\/462\/8289ad462d2e3a7a6914e4fad332665b.png\" alt=\"\u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 3 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\" title=\"\u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 3 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\" width=\"692\" height=\"144\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/828\/9ad\/462\/8289ad462d2e3a7a6914e4fad332665b.png\"\/><figcaption>\u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 3 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b)<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G\" alt=\"G\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/9e6\/0ff\/f75\/9e60fff759ccc248e584b557f2f1c441.svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\"\/>\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X.\" alt=\"X.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/03a\/551\/629\/03a5516292b73978b4df7ca3d789d377.svg\" width=\"22\" height=\"17\"\/>\u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u00a0<strong>\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/strong>\u00a0\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x \\in X\" alt=\"x \\in X\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/bd0\/349\/095\/bd0349095655e3189c8d2ccff7e11063.svg\" width=\"51\" height=\"17\"\/>\u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e:\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Orb(x)=\\{y\u2208X\u2223\u2203g\u2208G:g\u22c5x=y\\}.\" alt=\"Orb(x)=\\{y\u2208X\u2223\u2203g\u2208G:g\u22c5x=y\\}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/3a5\/806\/c20\/3a5806c209d337f008870eeb740a0f79.svg\" width=\"318\" height=\"22\"\/>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a:<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X\/G.\" alt=\"X\/G.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/f4f\/1c6\/7c4\/f4f1c67c4cd129a8342195f135811ffb.svg\" width=\"47\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 1. <\/strong>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X\" alt=\"X\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/1df\/a2d\/ad8\/1dfa2dad85127764913f255785f6b47b.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"17\"\/>&#8212; \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/f05\/15c\/24a\/f0515c24a98167b9c5b0a848acd3b921.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/>. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G\" alt=\"G\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/304\/f80\/f66\/304f80f66958d37332ddad8e87a6dcd4.svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\"\/>&#8212; \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n.\" alt=\"n.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/bda\/7ea\/73b\/bda7ea73bc906fe8265a111dae574458.svg\" width=\"17\" height=\"12\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X = {T}^{n},\" alt=\"X = {T}^{n},\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c93\/1d9\/528\/c931d9528688d86fe98767c1afa17576.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"21\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G ={S}_{n}.\" alt=\"G ={S}_{n}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/4e2\/cd1\/b75\/4e2cd1b755ac857f2ed5d4f029b7110c.svg\" width=\"68\" height=\"20\"\/><\/p>\n<figure class=\"bordered\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/a4b\/beb\/0ef\/a4bbeb0ef5b8bd28f46d6ba929882f0f.png\" alt=\"\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\" title=\"\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\" width=\"200\" height=\"77\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/a4b\/beb\/0ef\/a4bbeb0ef5b8bd28f46d6ba929882f0f.png\"\/><figcaption>\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 2.<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{T}^{n}: \\{ 0, \\ldots, n-1 \\} + \\text{ } mod(n)\" alt=\"{T}^{n}: \\{ 0, \\ldots, n-1 \\} + \\text{ } mod(n)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/281\/7aa\/842\/2817aa8428ce7c27c7495b2e60f100c6.svg\" width=\"248\" height=\"22\"\/>\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n.\" alt=\"n.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/19a\/b36\/dd5\/19ab36dd5f795c252539d0b11031d42a.svg\" width=\"17\" height=\"12\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 3. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X = {A}^{k}_{n}\" alt=\"X = {A}^{k}_{n}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c68\/457\/c7c\/c68457c7c48079b46b06ad7ca69e19bb.svg\" width=\"67\" height=\"26\"\/><\/strong>&#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/60d\/e84\/a4f\/60de84a4f5008f9d9f9eed884da40d33.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/>\u043f\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"k.\" alt=\"k.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/844\/ccc\/931\/844ccc9316ca552573c645bcafe5c563.svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G = {S}_{n}\" alt=\"G = {S}_{n}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/4d5\/20e\/75b\/4d520e75b60bc52d50ac844f43eb69ff.svg\" width=\"63\" height=\"20\"\/>&#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/975\/27a\/447\/97527a447905ff0e5c1a115bff84fc9f.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/>\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<em>. <\/em>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/988\/ff3\/c54\/988ff3c5487059b2a7c8f979e1dca246.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/>\u043f\u043e<em> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"k:X \/ G = {C}^{k}_{n}.\" alt=\"k:X \/ G = {C}^{k}_{n}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/cf7\/b93\/08f\/cf7b9308fbbf4b40800352e3a8c7883c.svg\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"\/> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 4.<\/strong> \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G = \\{ \\alpha \\in [0, 2\\pi], + \\text{ } mod (2\\pi )\\}\" alt=\"G = \\{ \\alpha \\in [0, 2\\pi], + \\text{ } mod (2\\pi )\\}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/679\/f9a\/d2d\/679f9ad2d75308ab88caac9e4a0b9b40.svg\" width=\"246\" height=\"22\"\/>\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X = {\\mathbb{R}}^{2}.\" alt=\"X = {\\mathbb{R}}^{2}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/4f2\/0dc\/6d4\/4f20dc6d4fc3fe8976e0b72565e95b1d.svg\" width=\"70\" height=\"21\"\/> \u041e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/811\/46b\/729\/81146b729d49947a479bfa5734a84508.png\" alt=\"\u041e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b\" title=\"\u041e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b\" width=\"288\" height=\"286\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/811\/46b\/729\/81146b729d49947a479bfa5734a84508.png\"\/><figcaption>\u041e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G\" alt=\"G\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/5a0\/3a3\/553\/5a03a3553d7f9166273f00b10fc3410b.svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\"\/>\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X.\" alt=\"X.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/191\/71f\/489\/19171f489e4d4cbe4d293a51db88c9f8.svg\" width=\"22\" height=\"17\"\/><strong>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g\" alt=\"g\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/5bf\/0d7\/f3e\/5bf0d7f3e014f3e2e2f5d5d7a87eeb19.svg\" width=\"9\" height=\"15\"\/>\u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x,\" alt=\"x,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/8e8\/61c\/f7c\/8e861cf7c0bafe8008626826ab1fdbff.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"15\"\/>\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"gx = x.\" alt=\"gx = x.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/bae\/493\/78a\/bae49378a77cd32be76ceb4339d693d8.svg\" width=\"62\" height=\"15\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong>  \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G\" alt=\"G\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/236\/3e3\/be3\/2363e3be34e415ae3ef70d5f3592aaa1.svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\"\/>\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X.\" alt=\"X.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/d46\/d8b\/047\/d46d8b0474744879223d1ea960d4a6b2.svg\" width=\"22\" height=\"17\"\/>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x \u2208 X\" alt=\"x \u2208 X\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/3b5\/ce0\/db7\/3b5ce0db7fd2b6e90d48dd4dacf665ad.svg\" width=\"51\" height=\"17\"\/>\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G\" alt=\"G\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/bcf\/da5\/ee9\/bcfda5ee94b3736dc3602d2ec16ab253.svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\"\/>) \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G\" alt=\"G\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/fd8\/c51\/02f\/fd8c5102f72b6b85247267a3df9231e0.svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\"\/>\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0433\u043e (\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/d12\/132\/37f\/d1213237fddcf4aae1781becbb9d585b.svg\" width=\"11\" height=\"12\"\/>) \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435.   <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 1.<\/strong> \u0423\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{{R}^{2}}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{{R}^{2}}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/6b1\/0c0\/560\/6b10c0560961ea44c5210fb8fccc4597.svg\" width=\"23\" height=\"21\"\/>\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"g(x,y) = (gx, gy), x \\in \\mathbb{R}, y \\in \\mathbb{R}, (x,y) \\in \\mathbb{R}^{2}, (gx, gy) \\in \\mathbb{R}^2.\" alt=\"g(x,y) = (gx, gy), x \\in \\mathbb{R}, y \\in \\mathbb{R}, (x,y) \\in \\mathbb{R}^{2}, (gx, gy) \\in \\mathbb{R}^2.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/cf9\/b40\/b9f\/cf9b40b9f4bd7e03da982614a520c3e6.svg\" width=\"477\" height=\"25\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g = 1,\" alt=\"g = 1,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/431\/c48\/7d7\/431c487d7322f9dae172de6c0d0bf13c.svg\" width=\"50\" height=\"19\"\/>\u0442\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\forall (x,y) \\in \\mathbb{R}^2\" alt=\"\\forall (x,y) \\in \\mathbb{R}^2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b98\/83f\/4f9\/b9883f4f96888358fe6c30ffc3298d7c.svg\" width=\"101\" height=\"25\"\/>\u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(x,y) = (gx, gy).\" alt=\"(x,y) = (gx, gy).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/5e6\/b26\/4a9\/5e6b264a9383c19aa890011495f1b60b.svg\" width=\"138\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g \\ne 1,\" alt=\"g \\ne 1,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/ca5\/26a\/98a\/ca526a98a8822ae34582ee21f3aa6a24.svg\" width=\"50\" height=\"21\"\/>\u0442\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\exists! (x,y): (x,y) = (gx, gy).\" alt=\"\\exists! (x,y): (x,y) = (gx, gy).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/9d5\/fd2\/239\/9d5fd223979cba38015fcef1538e0fe3.svg\" width=\"214\" height=\"22\"\/>\u0418 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(0,0).\" alt=\"(0,0).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b03\/46e\/2ff\/b0346e2ff555d6b00fa43aa8161f53ff.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\begin{equation*}\\begin{cases}    {St}_{g} = \\{(0,0)\\}, &amp; g \\ne 1;   \\\\  {St}_{g} = {\\mathbb{R}}^{2}, &amp; g = 1.  \\end{cases} \\end{equation*}\" alt=\"\\begin{equation*}\\begin{cases}    {St}_{g} = \\{(0,0)\\}, &amp; g \\ne 1;   \\\\  {St}_{g} = {\\mathbb{R}}^{2}, &amp; g = 1.  \\end{cases} \\end{equation*}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/f60\/90f\/2e4\/f6090f2e4a01014bb54b029ab870ae80.svg\" width=\"211\" height=\"51\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 2. <\/strong>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 5 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443: <\/p>\n<figure class=\"float bordered\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/dba\/46f\/605\/dba46f6054df7638c86417ae58e3e75e.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"77\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/dba\/46f\/605\/dba46f6054df7638c86417ae58e3e75e.png\"\/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438? <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b. <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b (\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b).<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\u041d\u041e\u0414(n,d).\" alt=\"\u041d\u041e\u0414(n,d).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/5c3\/7f2\/9ba\/5c37f29baafaae27fc9fe6c0309827e6.svg\" width=\"87\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<figure class=\"bordered\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/4ba\/22c\/db4\/4ba22cdb422408683ae107dd717a45a2.png\" alt=\"n = 6, d = 3. \u041d\u041e\u0414(6,3) = 3.\" title=\"n = 6, d = 3. \u041d\u041e\u0414(6,3) = 3.\" width=\"200\" height=\"77\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/4ba\/22c\/db4\/4ba22cdb422408683ae107dd717a45a2.png\"\/><figcaption>n = 6, d = 3. \u041d\u041e\u0414(6,3) = 3.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/03e\/f9b\/4da\/03ef9b4da3649656ed5c132c8859bf6d.png\" alt=\"n = 7, d = 3. \u041d\u041e\u0414(7,3) = 1.\" title=\"n = 7, d = 3. \u041d\u041e\u0414(7,3) = 1.\" width=\"200\" height=\"141\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/03e\/f9b\/4da\/03ef9b4da3649656ed5c132c8859bf6d.png\"\/><figcaption>n = 7, d = 3. \u041d\u041e\u0414(7,3) = 1.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u041b\u0435\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430.<\/strong> \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G.\" alt=\"G.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/86a\/3a0\/c96\/86a3a0c96f9f6454faf6e28e2fce3add.svg\" width=\"21\" height=\"17\"\/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"X\/G = \\frac{\\sum_{g \\in g} |{St}_{g}|}{G}.\" alt=\"X\/G = \\frac{\\sum_{g \\in g} |{St}_{g}|}{G}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/9fa\/60c\/977\/9fa60c977bf1cf690314555756bf01f0.svg\" width=\"166\" height=\"48\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440.<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"T = \\mathbb{B}, n = 3.\" alt=\"T = \\mathbb{B}, n = 3.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/09e\/598\/48e\/09e59848ec493da6eb1bf91d43010780.svg\" width=\"113\" height=\"20\"\/><\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"000\" alt=\"000\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/44e\/1f1\/261\/44e1f126143c2dd93d165636f43451f8.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"001\" alt=\"001\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/f48\/66c\/d07\/f4866cd074e38b1d738c3eb681b6c2ec.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"010\" alt=\"010\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b54\/e66\/351\/b54e66351ea23cb1fc6eb701c1f65328.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"100\" alt=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/32e\/5e2\/d53\/32e5e2d531c5144c8f83415024337c8e.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"110\" alt=\"110\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/a48\/cc7\/3b3\/a48cc73b3a144afec5aec27ab7a313d9.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"101\" alt=\"101\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/012\/a30\/c58\/012a30c582c92cee861fba8f0a46f93f.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"011\" alt=\"011\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/ff5\/f7c\/d81\/ff5f7cd81f98ae11284be4c512b7b454.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"111\" alt=\"111\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/652\/a84\/600\/652a846005a1371a9667f63a7d10dbae.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"123\" alt=\"123\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/05a\/577\/98a\/05a57798a510a7a78808c6887d07813d.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"000\" alt=\"000\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/48a\/bf8\/9d9\/48abf89d98ebd62dace1de7ba0354ca9.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"001\" alt=\"001\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b3e\/5a7\/c6f\/b3e5a7c6fc4e8a744726d6e0c7047dfd.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"010\" alt=\"010\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/9da\/c54\/c19\/9dac54c195c86c2e926807a4fef6ada5.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"100\" alt=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/583\/385\/82c\/58338582c3e125f0f99f5c86a317ab5a.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"110\" alt=\"110\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2a6\/e92\/4cc\/2a6e924cc6aaaf6d699997dad7fbc365.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"101\" alt=\"101\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/997\/f21\/6da\/997f216da0e246bb689246a9e5bfab4a.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"011\" alt=\"011\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/4ac\/ee7\/5d4\/4acee75d402fbe49666acf391514ea84.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"111\" alt=\"111\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/139\/29d\/017\/13929d01744bf78920d9f575b96816b8.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"132\" alt=\"132\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/945\/dca\/51f\/945dca51f26e5d14277ff04da69dda86.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"000\" alt=\"000\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/3a8\/c83\/dab\/3a8c83dab56c83561c22ffcae42571d5.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"010\" alt=\"010\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e37\/e9d\/bc0\/e37e9dbc048ea6bad77bcb62927fae9f.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"001\" alt=\"001\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/daf\/7d6\/4b9\/daf7d64b96ac889dded0bc3be94ce0e9.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"100\" alt=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/94e\/1b6\/93f\/94e1b693fc2a49c35be7c239cf6fcc9b.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"101\" alt=\"101\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/63e\/5c5\/cc5\/63e5c5cc5246a93038a18212c7413df8.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"110\" alt=\"110\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/bf6\/de2\/a50\/bf6de2a505677b2d517c90d288b4cdde.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"011\" alt=\"011\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/a2f\/8cb\/c68\/a2f8cbc686108495687adc030380c69e.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"111\" alt=\"111\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/f49\/04c\/24c\/f4904c24cc1ebb3178777d18c4d1f725.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"213\" alt=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b45\/b9b\/8ff\/b45b9b8ff6009284850b1d3d912538a5.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"000\" alt=\"000\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/a6a\/81e\/2e1\/a6a81e2e1e01601b294c128ff787c9fd.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"010\" alt=\"010\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/7f3\/48a\/2f6\/7f348a2f6311c1d4b0b3ae9144f5567d.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"100\" alt=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c69\/eb4\/ac9\/c69eb4ac9956fec9d635cd6ee443576d.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"010\" alt=\"010\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c42\/74e\/b7d\/c4274eb7de9c8884b3b0a68c355670c5.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"110\" alt=\"110\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/624\/7fd\/cea\/6247fdcea130d4c6c59c233e6afb620f.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"011\" alt=\"011\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/8fe\/5e5\/86e\/8fe5e586e74106bdd419352c7af01480.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"101\" alt=\"101\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/9b7\/47c\/6bb\/9b747c6bbb7b942dbac383dfbecf536d.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"111\" alt=\"111\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/a59\/1ca\/145\/a591ca14517a3f4119035efbe1dd1b63.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"312\" alt=\"312\" 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src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/447\/05b\/2ff\/44705b2ff86384bccfe60b13db3cd888.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"101\" alt=\"101\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/368\/09c\/38d\/36809c38df777cf55a91664b7b2b3730.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"110\" alt=\"110\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e13\/4da\/ed1\/e134daed1603ff7a2005953209ec2b99.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"111\" alt=\"111\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e39\/f34\/2ed\/e39f342ed3924b2a91bf833d4cc3feb6.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\widetilde {X}\" alt=\"\\widetilde {X}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/798\/c43\/4c7\/798c434c7b3cc5e60944ce809bdfb195.svg\" width=\"21\" height=\"21\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{x}_{1}\" alt=\"{x}_{1}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/253\/5c3\/4f3\/2535c34f32e0a234849bc2e3a0b7ed53.svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{x}_{2}\" alt=\"{x}_{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/692\/6d1\/f21\/6926d1f219bcfc2cf33e820001d266b0.svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{x}_{3}\" alt=\"{x}_{3}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/23d\/226\/6b7\/23d2266b7a77cb7f03ce1dab35d130b1.svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"15\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"...\" alt=\"...\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/1ac\/07f\/99c\/1ac07f99c7948c95887b5b555d55d123.svg\" width=\"23\" height=\"6\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{x}_{i}\" alt=\"{x}_{i}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/466\/f40\/f0c\/466f40f0c50292fb10b98764fe9d1040.svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"15\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\ldots\" alt=\"\\ldots\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e41\/ea3\/5f7\/e41ea35f71a5dc2f7f23f15069f74d5f.svg\" width=\"23\" height=\"6\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{x}_{k}\" alt=\"{x}_{k}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/995\/efd\/3d2\/995efd3d24f94c6caec207128cf69f14.svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"15\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{g}_{1}\" alt=\"{g}_{1}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c26\/aae\/6e1\/c26aae6e18a7cbce3bbdde1f44267596.svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{g}_{2}\" alt=\"{g}_{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/21c\/36c\/8af\/21c36c8afbd864ea756da2d55dc7e311.svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{g}_{3}\" alt=\"{g}_{3}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/40f\/b68\/3d1\/40fb683d1738dff70e397aed0d282d30.svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\ldots\" alt=\"\\ldots\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/76a\/750\/752\/76a7507526595266408372846a35e31e.svg\" width=\"23\" height=\"6\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{g}_{j}\" alt=\"{g}_{j}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e69\/db0\/bc1\/e69db0bc109eedd729869ecc60d27b58.svg\" width=\"17\" height=\"19\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{g}_{j}{x}_{i}\" alt=\"{g}_{j}{x}_{i}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/d13\/e11\/8b7\/d13e118b754b6b9fff676463732fb3c9.svg\" width=\"34\" height=\"19\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\ldots\" alt=\"\\ldots\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/789\/a83\/e74\/789a83e74111fd2fb4c81228dde2532d.svg\" width=\"23\" height=\"6\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{g}_{n}\" alt=\"{g}_{n}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/8d1\/8d0\/b09\/8d18d0b0922d0d088aa23155632b7cab.svg\" width=\"19\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"|G| \\cdot |X \/ G| = \\sum_{x \\in X} |Stx| = \\sum_{x \\in X} \\sum_{g \\in G} [ gx = x ] = \" alt=\"|G| \\cdot |X \/ G| = \\sum_{x \\in X} |Stx| = \\sum_{x \\in X} \\sum_{g \\in G} [ gx = x ] = \" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/28c\/708\/5c6\/28c7085c6aaa5eaf00ddde3303333250.svg\" width=\"364\" height=\"48\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"= \\sum_{g \\in G} \\sum_{x \\in X} [gx = x] = \\sum_{g \\in G} |{I}_{g}|.\" alt=\"= \\sum_{g \\in G} \\sum_{x \\in X} [gx = x] = \\sum_{g \\in G} |{I}_{g}|.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/fa6\/e55\/8e1\/fa6e558e1c8975df7426a36b2a253fc6.svg\" width=\"237\" height=\"48\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"|X \/ G| = \\frac{\\sum_{g \\in G} |{I}_{g}|}{|G|}.\" alt=\"|X \/ G| = \\frac{\\sum_{g \\in G} |{I}_{g}|}{|G|}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/4ea\/d9b\/d14\/4ead9bd147ef664c9f40fa0eb94ad2af.svg\" width=\"170\" height=\"53\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440. <\/strong>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 3. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n = 3, X = {\\mathbb{B}}^{3}.\" alt=\"n = 3, X = {\\mathbb{B}}^{3}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/61b\/612\/440\/61b61244098710aca42a5f2fcd17ddd9.svg\" width=\"125\" height=\"24\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G = {S}_{3}\" alt=\"G = {S}_{3}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/899\/1a4\/2ac\/8991a42ac633a9010a7b51e41c93542b.svg\" width=\"61\" height=\"20\"\/>\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"X = {\\mathbb{B}}^{3}.\" alt=\"X = {\\mathbb{B}}^{3}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/623\/cf1\/4db\/623cf14db3717b29b5535e3640b325a8.svg\" width=\"69\" height=\"21\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G.\" alt=\"G.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/475\/461\/5ea\/4754615ea5f3dac05a5de8c3cac8eba7.svg\" width=\"21\" height=\"17\"\/><\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\pi\" alt=\"\\pi\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/74c\/960\/c76\/74c960c76694aff406dca97f53083c36.svg\" width=\"11\" height=\"12\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|{I}_{\\pi}|\" alt=\"|{I}_{\\pi}|\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/173\/b03\/d79\/173b03d79e84eb67aeee64cf0ac802b1.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"123\" alt=\"123\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/fb9\/62d\/9ca\/fb962d9ca2f61632e85d76104dd1aed5.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"132\" alt=\"132\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/948\/738\/90e\/94873890e423d766d73657ef746259e1.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"213\" alt=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/a1d\/638\/a36\/a1d638a36ec278a9e11a926ccf52356b.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"231\" alt=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/feb\/0c0\/507\/feb0c0507b3f6b6bca11f47121836ffa.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"312\" alt=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/113\/d47\/463\/113d474633e1d608a05b498fedba98f6.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"321\" alt=\"321\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/3b6\/cd4\/21b\/3b6cd421beb1e9006deb7384d66c2f85.svg\" width=\"29\" height=\"16\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\frac{8+4+4+2+2+4}{6} = 4.\" alt=\"\\frac{8+4+4+2+2+4}{6} = 4.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/73b\/2c1\/05a\/73b2c105a90e1fde764d5ab53f2a8a52.svg\" width=\"223\" height=\"43\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442 (\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e 4.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u0439\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u0439\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/neerc.ifmo.ru\/wiki\/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u043a\u043e\u043b-\u0432\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g\" alt=\"g\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/600\/7ed\/170\/6007ed17067d6d091a0e94af9028ab63.svg\" width=\"9\" height=\"15\"\/>\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"C(g).\" alt=\"C(g).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/734\/3d8\/fec\/7343d8fec476345bd5702e1af0fbe2c5.svg\" width=\"44\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"k.\" alt=\"k.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/fcf\/3d4\/aa1\/fcf3d4aa1dc48795cf703c3a02b424c8.svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\u0421(g) = \u041d\u041e\u0414(n,d).\" alt=\"\u0421(g) = \u041d\u041e\u0414(n,d).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/9ed\/7d3\/2d2\/9ed7d32d28c07ee2a7427bd2ee7f0e0c.svg\" width=\"148\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"k\" alt=\"k\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/5b8\/025\/708\/5b80257089eb94f2f3c9c84be341db59.svg\" width=\"10\" height=\"17\"\/>\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"{k}^{\u041d\u041e\u0414(n,k)}.\" alt=\"{k}^{\u041d\u041e\u0414(n,k)}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/d8c\/427\/093\/d8c427093123da4b4f746f61a7d49b9f.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"22\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043c: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\sum_{d=0}^{n-1}.\" alt=\"\\sum_{d=0}^{n-1}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/64d\/3bb\/86c\/64d3bb86c2c5d1d26c618fb5935ab32c.svg\" width=\"33\" height=\"60\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n.\" alt=\"n.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/8f4\/932\/0ae\/8f49320aef6cb0215a171ab198da55e0.svg\" width=\"17\" height=\"12\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435: <\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\frac{\\sum_{d = 0}^{n-1} {k}^{\u041d\u041e\u0414(n,d)}} {n}.\" alt=\"\\frac{\\sum_{d = 0}^{n-1} {k}^{\u041d\u041e\u0414(n,d)}} {n}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/3e3\/845\/421\/3e3845421659445b44e3eb087c6cce10.svg\" width=\"131\" height=\"50\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440.<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"k = 3, n = 5.\" alt=\"k = 3, n = 5.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/854\/cea\/ab4\/854ceaab4d81099939eb26184d33a957.svg\" width=\"106\" height=\"20\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u041f\u043e\u0439\u0430: <\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"d = 0: gcd(0,5) = 5,\" alt=\"d = 0: gcd(0,5) = 5,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/fa4\/0da\/84a\/fa40da84a175addd599f4cbc213a9841.svg\" width=\"173\" height=\"22\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"d = 1: gcd(1, 5) = 1,\" alt=\"d = 1: gcd(1, 5) = 1,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/247\/f2a\/b75\/247f2ab75b4648876c0efc85b8679564.svg\" width=\"173\" height=\"22\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"d = 2: gcd(2, 5) = 1,\" alt=\"d = 2: gcd(2, 5) = 1,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/6b9\/c0a\/a05\/6b9c0aa05bea079e82ef0efbbdf88b4a.svg\" width=\"173\" height=\"22\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"d = 3: gcd(3, 5) = 1,\" alt=\"d = 3: gcd(3, 5) = 1,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/fa1\/a2f\/62e\/fa1a2f62e485ed30f6edf825ba75dee9.svg\" width=\"173\" height=\"22\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"d = 4: gcd(4, 5) = 1.\" alt=\"d = 4: gcd(4, 5) = 1.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/8c1\/99f\/214\/8c199f214579163aa650784e5122a206.svg\" width=\"173\" height=\"22\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\frac{3^5 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3}{5} = \\frac{255}{5} = 51.\" alt=\"\\frac{3^5 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3}{5} = \\frac{255}{5} = 51.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2f9\/efc\/575\/2f9efc5758266ff7ffb3d42d6e53c9a9.svg\" width=\"270\" height=\"46\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"|{St}_{0}| = 3^5, |{St}_{1}| = 3, |{St}_{2}| = 3, |{St}_{3}| = 3, |{St}_{4}| = 3. \" alt=\"|{St}_{0}| = 3^5, |{St}_{1}| = 3, |{St}_{2}| = 3, |{St}_{3}| = 3, |{St}_{4}| = 3. \" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/146\/210\/e28\/146210e2894ede9e261a8972f9fc19f7.svg\" width=\"420\" height=\"25\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\frac{3^5 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3}{5} = \\frac{255}{5} = 51.\" alt=\"\\frac{3^5 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3}{5} = \\frac{255}{5} = 51.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b8d\/334\/fe0\/b8d334fe053f28f2627eb69ee069846d.svg\" width=\"270\" height=\"46\"\/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p> <!----> <!----><\/div>\n<p> <!----> <!----><br \/> \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/712006\/\"> https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/712006\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"post-content-body\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-formatted-body article-formatted-body article-formatted-body_version-2\">\n<div xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430  \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435  \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430  \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442  (\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435  \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e .<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 1.<\/strong> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0434\u0435 &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435, .<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 2<\/strong>. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 <\/p>\n<figure class=\"bordered\"><figcaption>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 3. <\/strong>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b  \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 4. (<\/strong>\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 5. <\/strong>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c(\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b &#8212; \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b), \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443  \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c: <\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><figcaption>\u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 3 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b)<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u00a0\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u00a0\u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u00a0<strong>\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/strong>\u00a0\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e:\u00a0\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 1. <\/strong>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e &#8212; \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 . &#8212; \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b <\/p>\n<figure class=\"bordered\"><figcaption>\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 2.<\/strong> \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 3. <\/strong>&#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<em>. <\/em>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e<em>  <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 4.<\/strong> \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><figcaption>\u041e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <strong>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong>  \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 ) \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0433\u043e (\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 ) \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435.   <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 1.<\/strong> \u0423\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0418 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 2. <\/strong>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 5 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443: <\/p>\n<figure class=\"float bordered\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438? <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b. <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b (\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b).<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e <\/p>\n<figure class=\"bordered\"><figcaption>n = 6, d = 3. \u041d\u041e\u0414(6,3) = 3.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"\"><figcaption>n = 7, d = 3. \u041d\u041e\u0414(7,3) = 1.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u041b\u0435\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430.<\/strong> \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"87\" width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"77\" width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"117\" width=\"117\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"94\" width=\"94\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td data-colwidth=\"116\" width=\"116\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440. <\/strong>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 3. <\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b <\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442 (\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e 4.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u0439\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u0439\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/neerc.ifmo.ru\/wiki\/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u043a\u043e\u043b-\u0432\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e <\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 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\/><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-344294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=344294"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344294\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=344294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=344294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=344294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}