{"id":359769,"date":"2024-05-21T00:39:28","date_gmt":"2024-05-21T00:39:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=359769"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T21:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=359769","title":{"rendered":"<span>\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><!--[--><!--]--><\/div>\n<div id=\"post-content-body\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-formatted-body article-formatted-body article-formatted-body_version-2\">\n<div xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">\n<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430. \u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c &#8212; Reliably Erasing Data From Flash-Based Solid State Drives (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/legacy\/events\/fast11\/tech\/full_papers\/Wei.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">PDF<\/a>). \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b. <\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c 99% \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e6b\/9f0\/997\/e6b9f0997a49c04a04d6362f8d96ea3c.png\" width=\"1130\" height=\"1118\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e6b\/9f0\/997\/e6b9f0997a49c04a04d6362f8d96ea3c.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0441 \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 100 \u0440\u0430\u0437 (!) \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/98c\/bb8\/40e\/98cbb840e2192f39adef622b1c1e7281.png\" width=\"1124\" height=\"664\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/98c\/bb8\/40e\/98cbb840e2192f39adef622b1c1e7281.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441 SSD? \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>In most cases, overwriting the entire disk twice was sufficient to sanitize the disk, regardless of the previous state of the drive. There were three exceptions: about 1% (1 GB) of the data remained on Drive A after twenty passes. We also tested a commercial implementation of the four-pass 5220.22-M standard [12] on Drive C. For the sequential initialization case, it removed all the data, but with random initialization, a single fingerprint remained.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/28f\/014\/51a\/28f01451a3b23ad6ad056df87ac96280.png\" width=\"1134\" height=\"1122\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/28f\/014\/51a\/28f01451a3b23ad6ad056df87ac96280.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b TRIM \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a SSD \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044e, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#Number_of_overwrites_needed\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Data erasure\/Number of overwrites needed<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Data on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Floppy_disk\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">floppy disks<\/a>\u00a0can sometimes be recovered by forensic analysis even after the disks have been overwritten once with zeros (or random zeros and ones).<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#cite_note-27\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This is not the case with modern hard drives:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>According to the 2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NIST<\/a>\u00a0Special Publication 800-88 Rev. 1, Section 2.4 (p.\u00a07): &#171;For storage devices containing magnetic media, a single overwrite pass with a fixed pattern such as binary zeros typically hinders recovery of data even if state of the art laboratory techniques are applied to attempt to retrieve the data.&#187;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#cite_note-SP800-88rev1-25\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0It recommends cryptographic erase as a more general mechanism.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>According to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_California,_San_Diego\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">University of California, San Diego<\/a>\u00a0Center for Magnetic Recording Research&#8217;s (now its\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cmrr.ucsd.edu\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Center for Memory and Recording Research<\/a>) &#171;Tutorial on Disk Drive Data Sanitization&#187; (p.\u00a08): &#171;Secure erase does a single on-track erasure of the data on the disk drive. The U.S. National Security Agency published an Information Assurance Approval of single-pass overwrite, after technical testing at CMRR showed that multiple on-track overwrite passes gave no additional erasure.&#187;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#cite_note-28\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0&#171;Secure erase&#187; is a utility built into modern\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parallel_ATA\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ATA<\/a>\u00a0hard drives that overwrites all data on a disk, including remapped (error) sectors.<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#cite_note-29\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Further analysis by Wright et al. seems to also indicate that one overwrite is all that is generally required.<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#cite_note-30\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0434\u043b\u044f HDD \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c 1 \u0440\u0430\u0437<\/p>\n<h2>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u041e\u0421 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b (BitLocker, FileVault, LUKS), \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.veracrypt.fr\/code\/VeraCrypt\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">VeraCrypt<\/a>, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/rfjakob\/gocryptfs\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">gocryptfs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0424\u043b\u0435\u0448-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 (\u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438)<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c 2 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 (\u0441\u043c. \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f)<\/p>\n<p><code>shred -v -n 2 \/dev\/X<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435 <code>X<\/code> &#8212; \u0412\u0430\u0448 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code>sda<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>shred<\/code> &#8212; \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0451<\/p>\n<h2>SATA SSD \u0438 HDD<\/h2>\n<p><em>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.kernel.org\/oldwiki\/ata.wiki.kernel.org\/index.php\/ATA_Secure_Erase.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>\u0438\u0437 ATA WIKI<\/em><\/a><em>, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f ATA Enhanced Secure Erase \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443 <code>hdparm<\/code>, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 3 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 500GB 5400RPM HDD.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"0\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 <code>hdparm -I \/dev\/X<\/code>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <code>X<\/code> \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 &#8212; \u0412\u0430\u0448 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code>sda<\/code>). \u041f\u043e\u0434 Security \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c <code>not enabled<\/code> \u0438 <code>frozen<\/code>:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Security:         Master password revision code = 65534                supported        not     enabled        not     locked                frozen        not     expired: security count                supported: enhanced erase        2min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 2min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c <code>not frozen<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043e\u043d Eins:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><code>hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass Eins \/dev\/X<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">security_password=\"Eins\"  \/dev\/sdd: Issuing SECURITY_SET_PASS command, password=\"Eins\", user=user, mode=high<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c <code>hdparm -I \/dev\/X<\/code> \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 <code>not frozen<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0438 <code>enabled<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Security:         Master password revision code = 65534                supported                enabled        not     locked        not     frozen        not     expired: security count                supported: enhanced erase        Security level high        2min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 2min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 ATA Secure Erase Enhanced:<\/p>\n<p><code>hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced Eins \/dev\/X<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0430\u0433 3. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>HDD, \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c 1 \u0440\u0430\u0437 (\u0441\u043c. \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f). \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430:<\/p>\n<p><code>shred -v -n 1 \/dev\/X<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0434\u0435 <code>X<\/code> &#8212; \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code>sda<\/code>)<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0441 HDD \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443 <code>shred<\/code>, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code>fallocate<\/code>, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2>NVMe SSD<\/h2>\n<p><em>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.archlinux.org\/title\/Solid_state_drive\/Memory_cell_clearing\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>\u0438\u0437 Arch Wiki<\/em><\/a><em>, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/linux-nvme\/nvme-cli\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">nvme-cli<\/a> \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/linux-nvme\/nvme-cli\/blob\/master\/Documentation\/nvme-format.txt\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">format<\/a> \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/linux-nvme\/nvme-cli\/blob\/master\/Documentation\/nvme-sanitize.txt\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">sanitize<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><code>nvme id-ctrl \/dev\/nvme0 -H | grep \"Format |Crypto Erase|Sanitize\"<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">  [1:1] : 0x1Format NVM Supported   [29:29] : 0No-Deallocate After Sanitize bit in Sanitize command Supported     [2:2] : 0Overwrite Sanitize Operation Not Supported     [1:1] : 0x1Block Erase Sanitize Operation Supported     [0:0] : 0x1Crypto Erase Sanitize Operation Supported   [2:2] : 0x1Crypto Erase Supported as part of Secure Erase   [1:1] : 0Crypto Erase Applies to Single Namespace(s)   [0:0] : 0Format Applies to Single Namespace(s)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0412\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 NVMe 1.3, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">-a &lt;action> --sanact=&lt;action>     Sanitize Action     000b - Reserved     001b - Exit Failure Mode     010b - Start a Block Erase sanitize operation     011b - Start an Overwrite sanitize operation     100b - Start a Crypto Erase sanitize operation<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>nvme sanitize \/dev\/nvme0 -a 0x02<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u0438<\/p>\n<p><code>nvme sanitize \/dev\/nvme0 -a 0x04<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<p><code>nvme sanitize-log \/dev\/nvme0<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Sanitize Progress                      (SPROG) :  655 Sanitize Status                        (SSTAT) :  0x4 Sanitize Command Dword 10 Information (SCDW10) :  0x4 Estimated Time For Overwrite                   :  4294967295 (No time period reported) Estimated Time For Block Erase                 :  174 Estimated Time For Crypto Erase                :  34 Estimated Time For Overwrite (No-Deallocate)   :  0 Estimated Time For Block Erase (No-Deallocate) :  0 Estimated Time For Crypto Erase (No-Deallocate):  0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Sanitize Progress                      (SPROG) :  65535 Sanitize Status                        (SSTAT) :  0x101 Sanitize Command Dword 10 Information (SCDW10) :  0x4 Estimated Time For Overwrite                   :  4294967295 (No time period reported) Estimated Time For Block Erase                 :  174 Estimated Time For Crypto Erase                :  34 Estimated Time For Overwrite (No-Deallocate)   :  0 Estimated Time For Block Erase (No-Deallocate) :  0 Estimated Time For Crypto Erase (No-Deallocate):  0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <code>nvme format<\/code>:<\/p>\n<p><code>nvme format \/dev\/nvme0 -s 1 -n 1<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0434\u0435 <code>-s 1<\/code> &#8212; User Data Erase, \u0430 <code>-s 2<\/code> &#8212; Cryptographic Erase<\/p>\n<h2>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 SSD \u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/h2>\n<p><code>blkdiscard --secure \/dev\/device<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code>--secure<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0451\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 TRIM \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 SSD<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c SSD \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 TRIM \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code>fstrim -v -a<\/code> \u043d\u0430 Linux, \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 Windows \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 macOS. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e TRIM \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0451, \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0431\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438!<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!----><!----><\/div>\n<p><!----><!----><br \/> \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/772980\/\"> https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/772980\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div><!--[--><!--]--><\/div>\n<div id=\"post-content-body\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-formatted-body article-formatted-body article-formatted-body_version-2\">\n<div xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">\n<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430. \u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c &#8212; Reliably Erasing Data From Flash-Based Solid State Drives (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/legacy\/events\/fast11\/tech\/full_papers\/Wei.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">PDF<\/a>). \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b. <\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c 99% \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0441 \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 100 \u0440\u0430\u0437 (!) \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><\/figure>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441 SSD? \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>In most cases, overwriting the entire disk twice was sufficient to sanitize the disk, regardless of the previous state of the drive. There were three exceptions: about 1% (1 GB) of the data remained on Drive A after twenty passes. We also tested a commercial implementation of the four-pass 5220.22-M standard [12] on Drive C. For the sequential initialization case, it removed all the data, but with random initialization, a single fingerprint remained.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width\"><\/figure>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b TRIM \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a SSD \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044e, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#Number_of_overwrites_needed\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Data erasure\/Number of overwrites needed<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Data on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Floppy_disk\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">floppy disks<\/a>\u00a0can sometimes be recovered by forensic analysis even after the disks have been overwritten once with zeros (or random zeros and ones).<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#cite_note-27\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This is not the case with modern hard drives:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>According to the 2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NIST<\/a>\u00a0Special Publication 800-88 Rev. 1, Section 2.4 (p.\u00a07): &#171;For storage devices containing magnetic media, a single overwrite pass with a fixed pattern such as binary zeros typically hinders recovery of data even if state of the art laboratory techniques are applied to attempt to retrieve the data.&#187;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#cite_note-SP800-88rev1-25\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0It recommends cryptographic erase as a more general mechanism.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>According to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_California,_San_Diego\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">University of California, San Diego<\/a>\u00a0Center for Magnetic Recording Research&#8217;s (now its\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cmrr.ucsd.edu\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Center for Memory and Recording Research<\/a>) &#171;Tutorial on Disk Drive Data Sanitization&#187; (p.\u00a08): &#171;Secure erase does a single on-track erasure of the data on the disk drive. The U.S. National Security Agency published an Information Assurance Approval of single-pass overwrite, after technical testing at CMRR showed that multiple on-track overwrite passes gave no additional erasure.&#187;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#cite_note-28\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0&#171;Secure erase&#187; is a utility built into modern\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parallel_ATA\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ATA<\/a>\u00a0hard drives that overwrites all data on a disk, including remapped (error) sectors.<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#cite_note-29\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Further analysis by Wright et al. seems to also indicate that one overwrite is all that is generally required.<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#cite_note-30\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0434\u043b\u044f HDD \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c 1 \u0440\u0430\u0437<\/p>\n<h2>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u041e\u0421 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b (BitLocker, FileVault, LUKS), \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.veracrypt.fr\/code\/VeraCrypt\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">VeraCrypt<\/a>, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/rfjakob\/gocryptfs\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">gocryptfs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0424\u043b\u0435\u0448-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 (\u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438)<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c 2 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 (\u0441\u043c. \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f)<\/p>\n<p><code>shred -v -n 2 \/dev\/X<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435 <code>X<\/code> &#8212; \u0412\u0430\u0448 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code>sda<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>shred<\/code> &#8212; \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0451<\/p>\n<h2>SATA SSD \u0438 HDD<\/h2>\n<p><em>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.kernel.org\/oldwiki\/ata.wiki.kernel.org\/index.php\/ATA_Secure_Erase.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>\u0438\u0437 ATA WIKI<\/em><\/a><em>, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f ATA Enhanced Secure Erase \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443 <code>hdparm<\/code>, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 3 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 500GB 5400RPM HDD.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"0\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 <code>hdparm -I \/dev\/X<\/code>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <code>X<\/code> \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 &#8212; \u0412\u0430\u0448 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code>sda<\/code>). \u041f\u043e\u0434 Security \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c <code>not enabled<\/code> \u0438 <code>frozen<\/code>:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Security:         Master password revision code = 65534                supported        not     enabled        not     locked                frozen        not     expired: security count                supported: enhanced erase        2min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 2min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c <code>not frozen<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043e\u043d Eins:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><code>hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass Eins \/dev\/X<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">security_password=\"Eins\"  \/dev\/sdd: Issuing SECURITY_SET_PASS command, password=\"Eins\", user=user, mode=high<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c <code>hdparm -I \/dev\/X<\/code> \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 <code>not frozen<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0438 <code>enabled<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Security:         Master password revision code = 65534                supported                enabled        not     locked        not     frozen        not     expired: security count                supported: enhanced erase        Security level high        2min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 2min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 ATA Secure Erase Enhanced:<\/p>\n<p><code>hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced Eins \/dev\/X<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0430\u0433 3. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>HDD, \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c 1 \u0440\u0430\u0437 (\u0441\u043c. \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f). \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430:<\/p>\n<p><code>shred -v -n 1 \/dev\/X<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0434\u0435 <code>X<\/code> &#8212; \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code>sda<\/code>)<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0441 HDD \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443 <code>shred<\/code>, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code>fallocate<\/code>, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2>NVMe SSD<\/h2>\n<p><em>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.archlinux.org\/title\/Solid_state_drive\/Memory_cell_clearing\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>\u0438\u0437 Arch Wiki<\/em><\/a><em>, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/linux-nvme\/nvme-cli\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">nvme-cli<\/a> \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/linux-nvme\/nvme-cli\/blob\/master\/Documentation\/nvme-format.txt\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">format<\/a> \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/linux-nvme\/nvme-cli\/blob\/master\/Documentation\/nvme-sanitize.txt\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">sanitize<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><code>nvme id-ctrl \/dev\/nvme0 -H | grep \"Format |Crypto Erase|Sanitize\"<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">  [1:1] : 0x1Format NVM Supported   [29:29] : 0No-Deallocate After Sanitize bit in Sanitize command Supported     [2:2] : 0Overwrite Sanitize Operation Not Supported     [1:1] : 0x1Block Erase Sanitize Operation Supported     [0:0] : 0x1Crypto Erase Sanitize Operation Supported   [2:2] : 0x1Crypto Erase Supported as part of Secure Erase   [1:1] : 0Crypto Erase Applies to Single Namespace(s)   [0:0] : 0Format Applies to Single Namespace(s)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0412\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 NVMe 1.3, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">-a &lt;action> --sanact=&lt;action>     Sanitize Action     000b - Reserved     001b - Exit Failure Mode     010b - Start a Block Erase sanitize operation     011b - Start an Overwrite sanitize operation     100b - Start a Crypto Erase sanitize operation<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>nvme sanitize \/dev\/nvme0 -a 0x02<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u0438<\/p>\n<p><code>nvme sanitize \/dev\/nvme0 -a 0x04<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<p><code>nvme sanitize-log \/dev\/nvme0<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Sanitize Progress                      (SPROG) :  655 Sanitize Status                        (SSTAT) :  0x4 Sanitize Command Dword 10 Information (SCDW10) :  0x4 Estimated Time For Overwrite                   :  4294967295 (No time period reported) Estimated Time For Block Erase                 :  174 Estimated Time For Crypto Erase                :  34 Estimated Time For Overwrite (No-Deallocate)   :  0 Estimated Time For Block Erase (No-Deallocate) :  0 Estimated Time For Crypto Erase (No-Deallocate):  0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Sanitize Progress                      (SPROG) :  65535 Sanitize Status                        (SSTAT) :  0x101 Sanitize Command Dword 10 Information (SCDW10) :  0x4 Estimated Time For Overwrite                   :  4294967295 (No time period reported) Estimated Time For Block Erase                 :  174 Estimated Time For Crypto Erase                :  34 Estimated Time For Overwrite (No-Deallocate)   :  0 Estimated Time For Block Erase (No-Deallocate) :  0 Estimated Time For Crypto Erase (No-Deallocate):  0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <code>nvme format<\/code>:<\/p>\n<p><code>nvme format \/dev\/nvme0 -s 1 -n 1<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0434\u0435 <code>-s 1<\/code> &#8212; User Data Erase, \u0430 <code>-s 2<\/code> &#8212; Cryptographic Erase<\/p>\n<h2>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 SSD \u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/h2>\n<p><code>blkdiscard --secure \/dev\/device<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code>--secure<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0451\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 TRIM \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 SSD<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c SSD \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 TRIM \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code>fstrim -v -a<\/code> \u043d\u0430 Linux, \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 Windows \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 macOS. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e TRIM \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0451, \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0431\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438!<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!----><!----><\/div>\n<p><!----><!----><br \/> \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/772980\/\"> https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/772980\/<\/a><br \/><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-359769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/359769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=359769"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/359769\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=359769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=359769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=359769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}