{"id":400872,"date":"2024-06-29T15:31:05","date_gmt":"2024-06-29T15:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=400872"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T21:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=400872","title":{"rendered":"<span>\u0413\u0430\u0439\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e enum \u0432 Python<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><!--[--><!--]--><\/div>\n<div id=\"post-content-body\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-formatted-body article-formatted-body article-formatted-body_version-1\">\n<div xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/webt\/dq\/jz\/yq\/dqjzyqza1ve5kcjiod-zexa_b3u.png\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/dq\/jz\/yq\/dqjzyqza1ve5kcjiod-zexa_b3u.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c <code>enum<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a (\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"habracut\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sozdanie\">\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441c, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 <code>enum.Enum<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">#  enum_create.py import enum  class BugStatus(enum.Enum):      new = 7     incomplete = 6     invalid = 5     wont_fix = 4     in_progress = 3     fix_committed = 2     fix_released = 1  print('\\nMember name: {}'.format(BugStatus.wont_fix.name))  print('Member value: {}'.format(BugStatus.wont_fix.value))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0410\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 <code>Enum<\/code> \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0435. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 <code>name<\/code>, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 <code>value<\/code>, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">$ python3 enum_create.py  Member name: wont_fix Member value: 4<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"iterirovanie\">\u0418\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">#  enum_iterate.py import enum  class BugStatus(enum.Enum):      new = 7     incomplete = 6     invalid = 5     wont_fix = 4     in_progress = 3     fix_committed = 2     fix_released = 1  for status in BugStatus:     print('{:15} = {}'.format(status.name, status.value))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">$ python3 enum_iterate.py  new             = 7 incomplete      = 6 invalid         = 5 wont_fix        = 4 in_progress     = 3 fix_committed   = 2 fix_released    = 1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sravnenie-perechisleniy\">\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">#  enum_comparison.py import enum  class BugStatus(enum.Enum):      new = 7     incomplete = 6     invalid = 5     wont_fix = 4     in_progress = 3     fix_committed = 2     fix_released = 1  actual_state = BugStatus.wont_fix desired_state = BugStatus.fix_released  print('Equality:',       actual_state == desired_state,       actual_state == BugStatus.wont_fix)  # \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e print('Identity:',       actual_state is desired_state,       actual_state is BugStatus.wont_fix)  # \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442 print('Ordered by value:') try:     print('\\n'.join('  ' + s.name for s in sorted(BugStatus)))  # \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c except TypeError as err:     print('  Cannot sort: {}'.format(err))  # \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b <em>\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/em> \u0438 <em>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/em> \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 <code>TypeError<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">$ python3 enum_comparison.py  Equality: False True Identity: False True Ordered by value:   Cannot sort: '&lt;' not supported between instances of 'BugStatus' and 'BugStatus'<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"intenum\">IntEnum<\/h2>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <code>IntEnum<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">#  enum_intenum.py import enum  class BugStatus(enum.IntEnum):      new = 7     incomplete = 6     invalid = 5     wont_fix = 4     in_progress = 3     fix_committed = 2     fix_released = 1  print('Ordered by value:') print('\\n'.join('  ' + s.name for s in sorted(BugStatus)))  # \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">$ python3 enum_intenum.py  Ordered by value:   fix_released   fix_committed   in_progress   wont_fix   invalid   incomplete   new<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"unikalnye-znacheniya-v-perechisleniyah\">\u0423\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445<\/h2>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">#  enum_aliases.py import enum  class BugStatus(enum.Enum):      new = 7     incomplete = 6     invalid = 5     wont_fix = 4     in_progress = 3     fix_committed = 2     fix_released = 1      by_design = 4     closed = 1  for status in BugStatus:     print('{:15} = {}'.format(status.name, status.value))  print('\\nSame: by_design is wont_fix: ',       BugStatus.by_design is BugStatus.wont_fix) print('Same: closed is fix_released: ',       BugStatus.closed is BugStatus.fix_released)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a <code>by_design<\/code> \u0438 <code>closed<\/code> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0445. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">$ python3 enum_aliases.py  new             = 7 incomplete      = 6 invalid         = 5 wont_fix        = 4 in_progress     = 3 fix_committed   = 2 fix_released    = 1  Same: by_design is wont_fix:  True Same: closed is fix_released:  True<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 <code>@unique<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">#  enum_unique_enforce.py import enum  @enum.unique class BugStatus(enum.Enum):      new = 7     incomplete = 6     invalid = 5     wont_fix = 4     in_progress = 3     fix_committed = 2     fix_released = 1      # This will trigger an error with unique applied.     by_design = 4     closed = 1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <code>ValueError<\/code> \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">$ python3 enum_unique_enforce.py  Traceback (most recent call last):   File \"enum_unique_enforce.py\", line 11, in &lt;module>     class BugStatus(enum.Enum):   File \"...\/lib\/python3.7\/enum.py\", line 848, in unique     (enumeration, alias_details)) ValueError: duplicate values found in &lt;enum 'BugStatus'>: by_design -> wont_fix, closed -> fix_released<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"drugoy-sposob-sozdaniya-perechisleniy\">\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430:<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">#  enum_programmatic_create.py import enum  BugStatus = enum.Enum(     value='BugStatus',     names=('fix_released fix_committed in_progress '            'wont_fix invalid incomplete new'), )  print('Member: {}'.format(BugStatus.new))  print('\\nAll members:') for status in BugStatus:     print('{:15} = {}'.format(status.name, status.value))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0410\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 <code>value<\/code> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 <code>names<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044b\u043c, \u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 1.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">$ python3 enum_programmatic_create.py  Member: BugStatus.new  All members: fix_released    = 1 fix_committed   = 2 in_progress     = 3 wont_fix        = 4 invalid         = 5 incomplete      = 6 new             = 7<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 <code>name<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0440 <em>\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em> \u2014 <em>\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">#  enum_programmatic_mapping.py import enum  BugStatus = enum.Enum(     value='BugStatus',     names=[         ('new', 7),         ('incomplete', 6),         ('invalid', 5),         ('wont_fix', 4),         ('in_progress', 3),         ('fix_committed', 2),         ('fix_released', 1),     ], )  print('All members:') for status in BugStatus:     print('{:15} = {}'.format(status.name, status.value))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">$ python3 enum_programmatic_mapping.py  All members: new             = 7 incomplete      = 6 invalid         = 5 wont_fix        = 4 in_progress     = 3 fix_committed   = 2 fix_released    = 1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"drugie-tipy-znacheniy\">\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f <code>tuple<\/code>, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e <code>__init()__<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">#  enum_tuple_values.py import enum  class BugStatus(enum.Enum):      new = (7, ['incomplete',                'invalid',                'wont_fix',                'in_progress'])     incomplete = (6, ['new', 'wont_fix'])     invalid = (5, ['new'])     wont_fix = (4, ['new'])     in_progress = (3, ['new', 'fix_committed'])     fix_committed = (2, ['in_progress', 'fix_released'])     fix_released = (1, ['new'])      def __init__(self, num, transitions):         self.num = num         self.transitions = transitions      def can_transition(self, new_state):         return new_state.name in self.transitions  print('Name:', BugStatus.in_progress) print('Value:', BugStatus.in_progress.value) print('Custom attribute:', BugStatus.in_progress.transitions) print('Using attribute:',       BugStatus.in_progress.can_transition(BugStatus.new))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e id \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">$ python3 enum_tuple_values.py  Name: BugStatus.in_progress Value: (3, ['new', 'fix_committed']) Custom attribute: ['new', 'fix_committed'] Using attribute: True<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432 <code>tuple<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c <code>value<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b. \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 <code>__init()__<\/code> \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e <code>self<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"python\">#  enum_complex_values.py import enum  class BugStatus(enum.Enum):      new = {         'num': 7,         'transitions': [             'incomplete',             'invalid',             'wont_fix',             'in_progress',         ],     }     incomplete = {         'num': 6,         'transitions': ['new', 'wont_fix'],     }     invalid = {         'num': 5,         'transitions': ['new'],     }     wont_fix = {         'num': 4,         'transitions': ['new'],     }     in_progress = {         'num': 3,         'transitions': ['new', 'fix_committed'],     }     fix_committed = {         'num': 2,         'transitions': ['in_progress', 'fix_released'],     }     fix_released = {         'num': 1,         'transitions': ['new'],     }      def __init__(self, vals):         self.num = vals['num']         self.transitions = vals['transitions']      def can_transition(self, new_state):         return new_state.name in self.transitions  print('Name:', BugStatus.in_progress) print('Value:', BugStatus.in_progress.value) print('Custom attribute:', BugStatus.in_progress.transitions) print('Using attribute:',       BugStatus.in_progress.can_transition(BugStatus.new))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0451\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e tuple \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">$ python3 enum_complex_values.py  Name: BugStatus.in_progress Value: {'num': 3, 'transitions': ['new', 'fix_committed']} Custom attribute: ['new', 'fix_committed'] Using attribute: True<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/timeweb.com\/ru\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=banner&amp;utm_campaign=10S&amp;utm_content=low\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/webt\/wo\/qf\/6c\/woqf6cweprtwtuq2m7jch92h5wk.png\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/wo\/qf\/6c\/woqf6cweprtwtuq2m7jch92h5wk.png\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!----><!----><\/div>\n<p><!----><!----><br \/> \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/564826\/\"> https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/564826\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div><!--[--><!--]--><\/div>\n<div id=\"post-content-body\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-formatted-body article-formatted-body article-formatted-body_version-1\">\n<div xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/webt\/dq\/jz\/yq\/dqjzyqza1ve5kcjiod-zexa_b3u.png\" data-src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/dq\/jz\/yq\/dqjzyqza1ve5kcjiod-zexa_b3u.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c <code>enum<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a (\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-400872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/400872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=400872"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/400872\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=400872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=400872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=400872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}