{"id":407549,"date":"2024-06-29T19:37:28","date_gmt":"2024-06-29T19:37:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=407549"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T21:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=407549","title":{"rendered":"Uniform gravity, can it exist?<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
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2. Curved cat’s tail<\/strong><\/p>\n

V. Komen, I. Tikhonenkov<\/p>\n

In the previous post we’ve considered a model example of a motion of a free particle within a uniform gravitation field where a coupling to the field is defined by an observed inertion mass (see eq. (2) in https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/articles\/739714\/<\/a>). The equation of motion was:<\/p>\n

\"\\frac{d}{dt}\\left(\\frac{m_0\\dot{y}}{\\sqrt{1-\\dot{y}^2\/c^2}}\\right)=<\/p>\n

Here m<\/em>0<\/sub> is the rest mass of a particle, g<\/em> — is the strength of the uniform field. The geometry is shown on Fig.1 below<\/p>\n

\"Fig.1\"<\/p>\n
Fig.1<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

If <\/p>\n

\"\\dot{y}(0)=0,\\hspace{5<\/p>\n

then ( https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/articles\/739714\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n

\"\\dot{y}=c\\tanh(gt\/c),\\hspace{5<\/p>\n

Now we’ll describe the dynamics (1)-(3) by means of a curved space-time. Surely one should use a diagonal metric tensor : <\/p>\n

\"ds^2<\/p>\n

where ds<\/em> is an interval. A reasonable guess is that g<\/em>22<\/sub>=g<\/em>33<\/sub>=-1 and g<\/em>00<\/sub>,g<\/em>11<\/sub> are the functions of y<\/em> only since the field is uniform and stationary. Suppose that p<\/em>x0<\/sub>=p<\/em>z0<\/sub> =0 so dx<\/em>=dz<\/em>=0. We try the metric of the form<\/p>\n

\"ds^2<\/p>\n

where k<\/em> has to be defined. The dependence of y<\/em> upon a time can be found using Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the action S<\/em>:<\/p>\n

\"g^{00}\\frac{1}{c^2}\\left(\\frac{\\partial<\/p>\n

Its solution we seek in the form <\/p>\n

\"S=-Et+S_y(y)\\hspace{130<\/p>\n

Here E<\/em> is the energy of a particle. After a substitution into (5) we obtain:<\/p>\n

\"S_y=\\int_{0}^{y}<\/p>\n

Next the dependence of y<\/em> upon a time t<\/em> is determined from<\/p>\n

\"\\frac{\\partial<\/p>\n

so<\/p>\n

\"t=\\frac{E}{c^2}\\int_{0}^{y}\\frac{dy}{\\sqrt{E^2\/c^2-m_0^2c^2e^{-2ky}}}\"<\/p>\n

If the particle starts moving from a rest then E<\/em>\/m<\/em>0<\/sub>c<\/em>2<\/sup> =1 . So:<\/p>\n

\"ct=\\int_{0}^{y}\\frac{e^{ky}dy}{\\sqrt{e^{2ky}-1}}\"<\/p>\n

and<\/p>\n

\"\\dot{y}=c\\tanh(kct),\\hspace{5<\/p>\n

Comparing with (3) we have for k<\/em>:<\/p>\n

\"k=g\/c^2\\hspace{145<\/p>\n

Seems that we’ve made a correct guess (4) for the metric tensor. But suppose that the particle has some initial momentum px<\/sub><\/em>0<\/sub> along x<\/em>-axis while initial velocity along y<\/em>-axis is still zero. Now the interval is given by<\/p>\n

\"ds^2<\/p>\n

Hamilton-Jakobi equation reads<\/p>\n

\"e^{2ky}\\frac{1}{c^2}\\left(\\frac{\\partial<\/p>\n

we are looking for a solution in the form:<\/p>\n

\"S=-Et+S_y(y)+xp_{x0}\\hspace{110<\/p>\n

Next using (6)-(7) we obtain<\/p>\n

\"S_y=\\int_{0}^{y}<\/p>\n

Since that<\/p>\n

\"E^2\/c^2=m_0^2c^2+p_{x0}^2\"<\/p>\n

we have again the same equation (8) for y(t)<\/em>:<\/p>\n

\"y=\\frac{1}{k}\\ln(\\cosh(kct))\\hspace{125<\/p>\n

In order to define the motion along x<\/em> direction we use<\/p>\n

\"\\frac{\\partial<\/p>\n

so, using that eky<\/sup><\/em>=cosh(gt\/c<\/em>), we obtain for a curved space-time<\/p>\n

\"x=\\frac{p_{x0}c^2}{g\\sqrt{m_0^2c^2+p_{x0}^2}}\\tanh(gt\/c)\\hspace{100<\/p>\n

it differs from the corresponding equation for a flat space (eq. (9) in https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/articles\/739714\/<\/a> ):<\/p>\n

\"x=\\frac{p_{x0}c^2}{g\\sqrt{m_0^2c^2+p_{x0}^2}}\\arctan\\sinh(gt\/c)\\hspace{90<\/p>\n

The motion along x<\/em> directions is bounded in both cases of a flat and curved space but corresponding maximum values of x<\/em> differs by a factor \\pi\/2. The dependence of y upon x for the motion in a curved space is shown on Fig.2. The equation to plot <\/p>\n

\"\\eta<\/p>\n

\"Fig.2\"<\/p>\n
Fig.2<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

The dependence of y upon x for the motion in a flat space is shown on Fig.3. The equation to plot<\/p>\n

\"\\eta=-\\ln\\left(\\cos\\left(\\frac{\\xi}{\\chi}<\/p>\n

\"Fig.3\"<\/p>\n
Fig.3<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

The dynamics shown on Figs 2 and 3 looks similar but with a slight quantitative differences. What could be the cause of it? The wrong metrics? That is the choice is not unique and one can use the better one. Or perhaps it is impossible in general to emulate by means of a global curvature the dynamics in a flat space-time even for a so simple object as the uniform field? The reasonable idea is to find answers using general field equations developed for a stationary 1D gravitation field and we’ll consider the issue in the next post.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n


\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/739700\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

2. Curved cat’s tail<\/strong><\/p>\n

V. Komen, I. Tikhonenkov<\/p>\n

In the previous post we’ve considered a model example of a motion of a free particle within a uniform gravitation field where a coupling to the field is defined by an observed inertion mass (see eq. (2) in https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/articles\/739714\/<\/a>). The equation of motion was:<\/p>\n

Here m<\/em>0<\/sub> is the rest mass of a particle, g<\/em> — is the strength of the uniform field. The geometry is shown on Fig.1 below<\/p>\n

\n
Fig.1<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

If <\/p>\n

then ( https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/articles\/739714\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n

Now we’ll describe the dynamics (1)-(3) by means of a curved space-time. Surely one should use a diagonal metric tensor : <\/p>\n

where ds<\/em> is an interval. A reasonable guess is that g<\/em>22<\/sub>=g<\/em>33<\/sub>=-1 and g<\/em>00<\/sub>,g<\/em>11<\/sub> are the functions of y<\/em> only since the field is uniform and stationary. Suppose that p<\/em>x0<\/sub>=p<\/em>z0<\/sub> =0 so dx<\/em>=dz<\/em>=0. We try the metric of the form<\/p>\n

where k<\/em> has to be defined. The dependence of y<\/em> upon a time can be found using Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the action S<\/em>:<\/p>\n

Its solution we seek in the form <\/p>\n

Here E<\/em> is the energy of a particle. After a substitution into (5) we obtain:<\/p>\n

Next the dependence of y<\/em> upon a time t<\/em> is determined from<\/p>\n

so<\/p>\n

If the particle starts moving from a rest then E<\/em>\/m<\/em>0<\/sub>c<\/em>2<\/sup> =1 . So:<\/p>\n

and<\/p>\n

Comparing with (3) we have for k<\/em>:<\/p>\n

Seems that we’ve made a correct guess (4) for the metric tensor. But suppose that the particle has some initial momentum px<\/sub><\/em>0<\/sub> along x<\/em>-axis while initial velocity along y<\/em>-axis is still zero. Now the interval is given by<\/p>\n

Hamilton-Jakobi equation reads<\/p>\n

we are looking for a solution in the form:<\/p>\n

Next using (6)-(7) we obtain<\/p>\n

Since that<\/p>\n

we have again the same equation (8) for y(t)<\/em>:<\/p>\n

In order to define the motion along x<\/em> direction we use<\/p>\n

so, using that eky<\/sup><\/em>=cosh(gt\/c<\/em>), we obtain for a curved space-time<\/p>\n

it differs from the corresponding equation for a flat space (eq. (9) in https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/articles\/739714\/<\/a> ):<\/p>\n

The motion along x<\/em> directions is bounded in both cases of a flat and curved space but corresponding maximum values of x<\/em> differs by a factor \\pi\/2. The dependence of y upon x for the motion in a curved space is shown on Fig.2. The equation to plot <\/p>\n

\n
Fig.2<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

The dependence of y upon x for the motion in a flat space is shown on Fig.3. The equation to plot<\/p>\n

\n
Fig.3<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

The dynamics shown on Figs 2 and 3 looks similar but with a slight quantitative differences. What could be the cause of it? The wrong metrics? That is the choice is not unique and one can use the better one. Or perhaps it is impossible in general to emulate by means of a global curvature the dynamics in a flat space-time even for a so simple object as the uniform field? The reasonable idea is to find answers using general field equations developed for a stationary 1D gravitation field and we’ll consider the issue in the next post.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n


\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/739700\/<\/a>
<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-407549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/407549","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=407549"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/407549\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=407549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=407549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=407549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}