{"id":480732,"date":"2026-05-23T09:01:45","date_gmt":"2026-05-23T09:01:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=480732"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T21:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=480732","title":{"rendered":"\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e IP: \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPS, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 Caddy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">\n<h3>\u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 NAT \u0438\u043b\u0438 CGNAT, \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c VPS \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 SSH-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a VPS. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPS \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 TCP endpoint, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u0412\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 HTTPS-\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 Caddy, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c   \u2502   \u2502 HTTPS :443   \u25bcVPS \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c IP   \u2502   \u2502 Caddy reverse proxy \/ TLS termination   \u25bc127.0.0.1:11000 \u043d\u0430 VPS   \u2502   \u2502 Reverse SSH tunnel   \u25bc\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440   \u2502   \u25bcNextcloud \/ Home Assistant \/ Jellyfin \/ code-server \/ \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:87px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: <strong>backend-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong>. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code>80\/tcp<\/code>, <code>443\/tcp<\/code> \u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, SSH-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f VPS. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 loopback \u043d\u0430 VPS \u0438 reverse proxy.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>1. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435<\/h3>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 <code>cloud.example.com<\/code>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>HTTPS \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Caddy;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u0437\u0430 NAT\/CGNAT;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>reverse SSH tunnel \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPS;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code>systemd<\/code>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code>autossh<\/code>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>backend-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0418\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2192 HTTPS \u2192 VPS\/Caddy \u2192 127.0.0.1 \u043d\u0430 VPS \u2192 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2192 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>2. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u2192 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 SSH-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2192 VPSVPS: 127.0.0.1:11000 \u2192 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2192 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440: 127.0.0.1:8080\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u2192 https:\/\/cloud.example.com \u2192 Caddy \u043d\u0430 VPS \u2192 127.0.0.1:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>HOME_SERVER<\/code> \u2014 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 Linux-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u041f\u041a, Raspberry Pi, NAS \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0437\u0435\u043b \u0437\u0430 NAT\/CGNAT;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>VPS<\/code> \u2014 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c IPv4\/IPv6-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>tunneluser<\/code> \u2014 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 VPS \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f remote port forwarding;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>OpenSSH<\/code> \u2014 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c <code>ssh -R<\/code>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>autossh<\/code> \u2014 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 SSH-\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>systemd<\/code> \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>Caddy<\/code> \u2014 reverse proxy, TLS-\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f HTTP(S);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>UFW<\/code> \u2014 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 firewall \u043d\u0430 VPS.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 Ubuntu\/Debian-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>3. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430<\/h3>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre><code>VPS: Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440: Debian\/Ubuntu-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430SSH: OpenSSH \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044fReverse proxy: Caddy 2Firewall: UFW\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f: autosshSupervisor: systemd<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u0438\u043c\u044f SSH-\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b: <code>ssh<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code>sshd<\/code>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 Caddy;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 firewall;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f OpenSSH \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 <code>authorized_keys<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>4. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a VPS<\/h4>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPS \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 IPv4 \u0438\u043b\u0438 IPv6;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043f\u043e SSH;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 VPS;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Server 22.04\/24.04 \u0438\u043b\u0438 Debian 12;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 <code>root<\/code> \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441 <code>sudo<\/code>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b <code>80\/tcp<\/code> \u0438 <code>443\/tcp<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f Caddy;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 SSH-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4.2. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443<\/h4>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 OpenSSH-\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPS;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c <code>autossh<\/code>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code>127.0.0.1:8080<\/code>, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -I http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -I http:\/\/localhost:8080<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 backend-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>5. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c reverse SSH tunnel<\/h3>\n<p>SSH-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u2192 VPS<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u043e endpoint \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code>VPS: \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u2192 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2192 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh -N \\  -R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080 \\  tunneluser@203.0.113.10<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 <code>-R<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>-R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080   \u2502         \u2502     \u2502         \u2502   \u2502         \u2502     \u2502         \u2514\u2500 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435   \u2502         \u2502     \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435   \u2502         \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 VPS   \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 VPS<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 VPS \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 endpoint:<\/p>\n<pre><code>127.0.0.1:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code>127.0.0.1:8080<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e <code>127.0.0.1<\/code> \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPS. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Caddy.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>6. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 VPS<\/h3>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh root@203.0.113.10<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">apt update &amp;&amp; apt upgrade -y<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">apt install -y curl wget git ufw htop nano ca-certificates gnupg lsb-release<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">lsb_release -a<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 IPv4:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -4 ifconfig.me &amp;&amp; echo<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 SSH \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e SSH-\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432 <code>sshd_config<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>7. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">adduser --disabled-password --gecos \"\" tunneluser<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mkdir -p \/home\/tunneluser\/.sshchmod 700 \/home\/tunneluser\/.sshchown -R tunneluser:tunneluser \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 shell:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">usermod -s \/usr\/sbin\/nologin tunneluser<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">getent passwd tunneluser<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u2014 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 remote forwarding endpoints.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>8. \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 -C \"home-server-to-vps-reverse-tunnel\"<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code>systemd<\/code> passphrase \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 passphrase, <code>ssh-agent<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 unattended-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -la ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519*<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre><code>vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519.pub<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cat ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519.pub<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<pre><code>ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAI... home-server-to-vps-reverse-tunnel<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u041d\u0430 VPS \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>9. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0430 VPS<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 VPS \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">chmod 600 \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keyschown tunneluser:tunneluser \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -la \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre><code>drwx------ 2 tunneluser tunneluser 4096 ... .-rw------- 1 tunneluser tunneluser  120 ... authorized_keys<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 <code>.ssh<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code>authorized_keys<\/code> \u2014 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 OpenSSH \u0432 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>10. \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 OpenSSH \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPS<\/h3>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f <code>tunneluser<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e TCP forwarding. \u041d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c <code>GatewayPorts yes<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config.d\/90-reverse-tunnel.conf<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code># The tunnel account is permitted to create remote port forwards only.# Interactive access and unrelated forwarding mechanisms are disabled.Match User tunneluser    AllowTcpForwarding remote    GatewayPorts no    PermitTTY no    X11Forwarding no    AllowAgentForwarding no    PermitTunnel no    PasswordAuthentication no    PubkeyAuthentication yes<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>AllowTcpForwarding remote<\/code> \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e remote forwarding (<code>ssh -R<\/code>), \u0431\u0435\u0437 local forwarding;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>GatewayPorts no<\/code> \u2014 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 remote forwarding \u043d\u0430 loopback-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u0445 VPS;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>PermitTTY no<\/code> \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>X11Forwarding no<\/code> \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 X11 forwarding;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>AllowAgentForwarding no<\/code> \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441 SSH-agent;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>PermitTunnel no<\/code> \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 TUN\/TAP-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>PasswordAuthentication no<\/code> \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>PubkeyAuthentication yes<\/code> \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sshd -t<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c SSH:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl restart ssh<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl restart sshd<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl status ssh --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e: **\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 SSH \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e **<strong>sshd -t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>11. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c host key VPS \u0432 <code>known_hosts<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh-keyscan -H 203.0.113.10 &gt;&gt; ~\/.ssh\/known_hosts<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 production-\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 fingerprint \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 VPS-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435. <code>ssh-keyscan<\/code> \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh -i ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 tunneluser@203.0.113.10<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d <code>\/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/code>, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code>This account is currently not available.<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c <code>-N<\/code>, \u0431\u0435\u0437 shell.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c reverse tunnel:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh -N \\  -i ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 \\  -o ExitOnForwardFailure=yes \\  -o ServerAliveInterval=30 \\  -o ServerAliveCountMax=3 \\  -o StrictHostKeyChecking=yes \\  -R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080 \\  tunneluser@203.0.113.10<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 foreground-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh root@203.0.113.10<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c listener:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ss -tulpn | grep 11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre><code>tcp LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:11000 ... sshd<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c HTTP \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -I http:\/\/127.0.0.1:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 backend \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>12. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 autossh \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/h3>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 <code>ssh -N -R<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c <code>autossh<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo apt updatesudo apt install -y autossh<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">autossh -V<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>13. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 systemd-\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b<\/h3>\n<p><code>systemd<\/code> \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c <code>autossh<\/code>, \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<h4>13.1. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 unit-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/h4>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <code>andrei<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c unit:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/reverse-tunnel.service<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[Unit]Description=Reverse SSH tunnel to VPSAfter=network-online.targetWants=network-online.target[Service]User=andreiEnvironment=\"AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0\"Environment=\"AUTOSSH_PORT=0\"ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/autossh -M 0 -N \\  -i \/home\/andrei\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 \\  -o ExitOnForwardFailure=yes \\  -o ServerAliveInterval=30 \\  -o ServerAliveCountMax=3 \\  -o StrictHostKeyChecking=yes \\  -R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080 \\  tunneluser@203.0.113.10Restart=alwaysRestartSec=10[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0410\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo systemctl daemon-reloadsudo systemctl enable reverse-tunnel.servicesudo systemctl start reverse-tunnel.service<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl status reverse-tunnel.service --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">journalctl -u reverse-tunnel.service -f<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<h4>13.2. Instance-unit<\/h4>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 unit:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/reverse-tunnel@.service<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[Unit]Description=Reverse SSH tunnel to VPS for %iAfter=network-online.targetWants=network-online.target[Service]User=%iEnvironment=\"AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0\"Environment=\"AUTOSSH_PORT=0\"ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/autossh -M 0 -N \\  -i \/home\/%i\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 \\  -o ExitOnForwardFailure=yes \\  -o ServerAliveInterval=30 \\  -o ServerAliveCountMax=3 \\  -o StrictHostKeyChecking=yes \\  -R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080 \\  tunneluser@203.0.113.10Restart=alwaysRestartSec=10[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f <code>andrei<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo systemctl daemon-reloadsudo systemctl enable reverse-tunnel@andrei.servicesudo systemctl start reverse-tunnel@andrei.service<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>14. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ss -tulpn | grep 11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre><code>127.0.0.1:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c backend:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -I http:\/\/127.0.0.1:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>15. Firewall \u043d\u0430 VPS<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c UFW:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ufw default deny incomingufw default allow outgoing<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c SSH:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ufw allow 22\/tcp<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 SSH \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <code>22\/tcp<\/code>, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ufw allow 2222\/tcp<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c HTTP \u0438 HTTPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ufw allow 80\/tcpufw allow 443\/tcp<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c firewall \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0451\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0442 SSH-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c firewall:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ufw enable<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ufw status verbose<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440:<\/p>\n<pre><code>22\/tcp   ALLOW IN80\/tcp   ALLOW IN443\/tcp  ALLOW IN<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442 <code>11000<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u041e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code>127.0.0.1<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>16. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 Caddy \u043d\u0430 VPS<\/h3>\n<p>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c Caddy \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">apt install -y debian-keyring debian-archive-keyring apt-transport-https curlcurl -1sLf 'https:\/\/dl.cloudsmith.io\/public\/caddy\/stable\/gpg.key' | gpg --dearmor -o \/usr\/share\/keyrings\/caddy-stable-archive-keyring.gpgcurl -1sLf 'https:\/\/dl.cloudsmith.io\/public\/caddy\/stable\/debian.deb.txt' | tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/caddy-stable.listapt updateapt install -y caddy<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">caddy version<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl status caddy --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>17. DNS-\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\n<p>\u0412 DNS-\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre><code>Type: AName: cloudValue: 203.0.113.10<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f IPv6 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre><code>Type: AAAAName: cloudValue: 2001:db8::10<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dig +short cloud.example.com<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nslookup cloud.example.com<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0414\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 VPS, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 TLS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 Caddy \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Cloudflare, \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u201cDNS-only\u201d. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c SSL\/TLS: \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e <code>Full<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code>Full Strict<\/code>, \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>18. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Caddy<\/h3>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c Caddyfile:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/caddy\/Caddyfile<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre><code>cloud.example.com {    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:11000}<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">caddy validate --config \/etc\/caddy\/Caddyfile<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">caddy fmt --overwrite \/etc\/caddy\/Caddyfile<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c Caddy:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl reload caddy<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl status caddy --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c HTTPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -I https:\/\/cloud.example.com<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c DNS \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 <code>80\/tcp<\/code> \u0438 <code>443\/tcp<\/code> Caddy \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442 TLS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>19. Security headers \u0432 Caddy<\/h3>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e web-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 HTTP security headers:<\/p>\n<pre><code>cloud.example.com {    encode zstd gzip    header {        Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains\"        X-Content-Type-Options \"nosniff\"        X-Frame-Options \"SAMEORIGIN\"        Referrer-Policy \"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"        Permissions-Policy \"geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=()\"    }    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:11000}<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e Nextcloud, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u0427\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0451\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c WebDAV, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435 <code>preload<\/code> \u0432 HSTS. \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438: \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e HTTPS. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c HSTS \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code>preload<\/code> \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c HSTS \u0432\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>20. \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/h3>\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre><code>Nextcloud       127.0.0.1:8080Home Assistant  127.0.0.1:8123Jellyfin        127.0.0.1:8096<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 unit-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e remote forwards:<\/p>\n<pre><code>ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/autossh -M 0 -N \\  -i \/home\/andrei\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 \\  -o ExitOnForwardFailure=yes \\  -o ServerAliveInterval=30 \\  -o ServerAliveCountMax=3 \\  -o StrictHostKeyChecking=yes \\  -R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080 \\  -R 127.0.0.1:18123:127.0.0.1:8123 \\  -R 127.0.0.1:18096:127.0.0.1:8096 \\  tunneluser@203.0.113.10<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 VPS Caddyfile:<\/p>\n<pre><code>cloud.example.com {    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:11000}home.example.com {    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:18123}media.example.com {    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:18096}<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">caddy validate --config \/etc\/caddy\/Caddyfilesystemctl reload caddy<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>21. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Nextcloud<\/h3>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 Nextcloud \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 <code>11000<\/code>, remote forward \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">-R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>Caddyfile \u043d\u0430 VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code>cloud.example.com {    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:11000}<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f Nextcloud \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b trusted domains \u0438 proxy-\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438. \u0412 Docker-\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">docker exec -u www-data nextcloud php occ config:system:set trusted_domains 1 --value=cloud.example.com<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 reverse proxy \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c HTTPS-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">docker exec -u www-data nextcloud php occ config:system:set overwriteprotocol --value=https<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c trusted domains:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">docker exec -u www-data nextcloud php occ config:system:get trusted_domains<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f <code>trusted_proxies<\/code>, <code>overwritehost<\/code>, <code>overwrite.cli.url<\/code>, <code>X-Forwarded-For<\/code>, <code>X-Forwarded-Proto<\/code> \u0438 WebDAV.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>22. \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0432 authorized_keys<\/h3>\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0432 <code>authorized_keys<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f remote forwarding \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 <code>permitlisten<\/code>, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f OpenSSH \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre><code>no-pty,no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,permitlisten=\"127.0.0.1:11000\" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAI... home-server-to-vps-reverse-tunnel<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre><code>no-pty,no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,permitlisten=\"127.0.0.1:11000\",permitlisten=\"127.0.0.1:18123\",permitlisten=\"127.0.0.1:18096\" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAI... home-server-to-vps-reverse-tunnel<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p><code>permitopen<\/code> \u0438 <code>permitlisten<\/code> \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f <code>ssh -R<\/code> \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <code>authorized_keys<\/code> \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>23. \u0414\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\n<h4>23.1. \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl status reverse-tunnel.service --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<h4>23.2. \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">journalctl -u reverse-tunnel.service -f<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<h4>23.3. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 listener \u043d\u0430 VPS<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ss -tulpn | grep 11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n<pre><code>127.0.0.1:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n<pre><code>0.0.0.0:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code>0.0.0.0<\/code>, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<h4>23.4. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 HTTP \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/h4>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -I http:\/\/127.0.0.1:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<h4>23.5. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 Caddy<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl status caddy --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">journalctl -u caddy -f<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<h4>23.6. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 Caddyfile<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">caddy validate --config \/etc\/caddy\/Caddyfile<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<h4>23.7. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 DNS<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dig +short cloud.example.com<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<h4>23.8. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 HTTPS<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -Iv https:\/\/cloud.example.com<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre><code>DNS \u2192 Caddy\/TLS \u2192 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 endpoint \u043d\u0430 VPS \u2192 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2192 backend \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>24. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h3>\n<h4>24.1. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430 VPS \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442<\/h4>\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code>remote port forwarding failed for listen port 11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ss -tulpn | grep 11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442.<\/p>\n<h4>24.2. Caddy \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 502 Bad Gateway<\/h4>\n<p><code>502<\/code> \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e Caddy \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 upstream.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -I http:\/\/127.0.0.1:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435: SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c, systemd-\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<h4>24.3. SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/h4>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">journalctl -u reverse-tunnel.service -n 100 --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c SSH \u0432 verbose-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh -vvv -N \\  -i ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 \\  -R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080 \\  tunneluser@203.0.113.10<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 <code>-vvv<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430: \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, forwarding, host key \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<h4>24.4. DNS \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f<\/h4>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dig +short cloud.example.com<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 VPS, Caddy \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 HTTPS endpoint.<\/p>\n<h4>24.5. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438<\/h4>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">chmod 700 ~\/.sshchmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519chmod 644 ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519.pub<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">chmod 700 \/home\/tunneluser\/.sshchmod 600 \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keyschown -R tunneluser:tunneluser \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>25. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 hardening VPS<\/h3>\n<p>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c firewall, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 SSH \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 security updates:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">apt update &amp;&amp; apt upgrade -yapt install -y ufw fail2ban unattended-upgrades<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c unattended upgrades:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low unattended-upgrades<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>Firewall:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ufw default deny incomingufw default allow outgoingufw allow 22\/tcpufw allow 80\/tcpufw allow 443\/tcpufw enable<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ufw status verbose<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>SSH-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sshd -t<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ss -tulpn<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b backend-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b:<\/p>\n<pre><code>808080968123110001812318096<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a <code>127.0.0.1<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>26. SSH-\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPS<\/h3>\n<p>\u0418\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c reverse tunnel:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">-R 127.0.0.1:12222:127.0.0.1:22<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 VPS \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh -p 12222 homeuser@127.0.0.1<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">-R 0.0.0.0:2222:127.0.0.1:22<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a SSH \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPS.<\/p>\n<p>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2192 SSH \u043d\u0430 VPS \u2192 SSH \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 127.0.0.1:12222 \u2192 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>27. \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p align=\"left\">\u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">Reverse SSH tunnel \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPS<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 vendor lock-in<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">WireGuard \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPS<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f overlay-\u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">Cloudflare Tunnel<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 HTTPS \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e ingress<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430, Cloudflare Access<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 Cloudflare<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">Tailscale<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u0423\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, WireGuard-based<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">frp\/rathole<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e reverse endpoints \u0437\u0430 NAT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f reverse proxy\/tunneling<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 server\/client-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Reverse SSH tunnel \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 Linux.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>28. \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f production-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/h3>\n<p>\u0418\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre><code>Internet  \u2502  \u2502 HTTPS  \u25bcVPS: Caddy :443  \u2502  \u2502 reverse_proxy to loopback  \u25bcVPS: 127.0.0.1:11000  \u2502  \u2502 reverse SSH tunnel  \u25bcHome Server: 127.0.0.1:8080<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code>127.0.0.1<\/code> \u043d\u0430 VPS;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 HTTPS \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 Caddy;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>backend-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>tunneluser<\/code> \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e remote forwarding;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>StrictHostKeyChecking<\/code> \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>GatewayPorts<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e remote forwards \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u0445 VPS;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>firewall \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>systemd<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Caddy \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 TLS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>29. \u0421\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434<\/h3>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code>203.0.113.10<\/code>, <code>cloud.example.com<\/code> \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h4>29.1. \u041d\u0430 VPS<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">apt update &amp;&amp; apt upgrade -yapt install -y curl wget git ufw htop nano ca-certificates gnupg lsb-releaseadduser --disabled-password --gecos \"\" tunnelusermkdir -p \/home\/tunneluser\/.sshchmod 700 \/home\/tunneluser\/.sshchown -R tunneluser:tunneluser \/home\/tunneluser\/.sshusermod -s \/usr\/sbin\/nologin tunneluser<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>SSH-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config.d\/90-reverse-tunnel.conf<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre><code>Match User tunneluser    AllowTcpForwarding remote    GatewayPorts no    PermitTTY no    X11Forwarding no    AllowAgentForwarding no    PermitTunnel no    PasswordAuthentication no    PubkeyAuthentication yes<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sshd -tsystemctl restart ssh<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>Firewall:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ufw default deny incomingufw default allow outgoingufw allow 22\/tcpufw allow 80\/tcpufw allow 443\/tcpufw enableufw status verbose<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<h4>29.2. \u041d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 -C \"home-server-to-vps-reverse-tunnel\"cat ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519.pub<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">chmod 600 \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keyschown tunneluser:tunneluser \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ssh-keyscan -H 203.0.113.10 &gt;&gt; ~\/.ssh\/known_hostssudo apt updatesudo apt install -y autossh<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c host key \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c fingerprint VPS, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 <code>ssh-keyscan<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/reverse-tunnel.service<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[Unit]Description=Reverse SSH tunnel to VPSAfter=network-online.targetWants=network-online.target[Service]User=andreiEnvironment=\"AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0\"Environment=\"AUTOSSH_PORT=0\"ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/autossh -M 0 -N \\  -i \/home\/andrei\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 \\  -o ExitOnForwardFailure=yes \\  -o ServerAliveInterval=30 \\  -o ServerAliveCountMax=3 \\  -o StrictHostKeyChecking=yes \\  -R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080 \\  tunneluser@203.0.113.10Restart=alwaysRestartSec=10[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo systemctl daemon-reloadsudo systemctl enable reverse-tunnel.servicesudo systemctl start reverse-tunnel.servicesystemctl status reverse-tunnel.service --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<h4>29.3. Caddy \u043d\u0430 VPS<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">apt install -y debian-keyring debian-archive-keyring apt-transport-https curlcurl -1sLf 'https:\/\/dl.cloudsmith.io\/public\/caddy\/stable\/gpg.key' | gpg --dearmor -o \/usr\/share\/keyrings\/caddy-stable-archive-keyring.gpgcurl -1sLf 'https:\/\/dl.cloudsmith.io\/public\/caddy\/stable\/debian.deb.txt' | tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/caddy-stable.listapt updateapt install -y caddy<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>Caddyfile:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/caddy\/Caddyfile<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<pre><code>cloud.example.com {    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:11000}<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">caddy validate --config \/etc\/caddy\/Caddyfilecaddy fmt --overwrite \/etc\/caddy\/Caddyfilesystemctl reload caddy<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>30. \u0424\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a<\/h3>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sshd -t<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ufw status verbose<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ss -tulpn<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl status reverse-tunnel.service --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">journalctl -u reverse-tunnel.service -n 50 --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl status caddy --no-pager<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -I http:\/\/127.0.0.1:11000<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -I https:\/\/cloud.example.com<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e HTTPS-\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 backend-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h3>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPS \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432: OpenSSH, systemd, autossh, Caddy \u0438 firewall. \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f backend-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code>GatewayPorts yes<\/code>, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 host key \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 SSH-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.VPS \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 tunnel endpoint.Caddy \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 HTTPS-\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a.Firewall \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u0442 backend-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b.SSH-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 remote forwarding.<\/code><div class=\"code-explainer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sourcecraft.dev\/\" class=\"tm-button code-explainer__link\" style=\"visibility: hidden;\"><img style=\"width:14px;height:14px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left;\"\/><\/a><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, Nextcloud, Home Assistant, Jellyfin, code-server, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e self-hosted-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/1038422\/\">https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/1038422\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 NAT \u0438\u043b\u0438 CGNAT, \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c VPS \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c.\u0412 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 SSH-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a VPS. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPS \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 TCP endpoint, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u0412\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 HTTPS-\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 Caddy, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f.\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430:\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c   \u2502   \u2502 HTTPS :443   \u25bcVPS \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c IP   \u2502   \u2502 Caddy reverse proxy \/ TLS termination   \u25bc127.0.0.1:11000 \u043d\u0430 VPS   \u2502   \u2502 Reverse SSH tunnel   \u25bc\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440   \u2502   \u25bcNextcloud \/ Home Assistant \/ Jellyfin \/ code-server \/ \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: backend-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e 80\/tcp, 443\/tcp \u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, SSH-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f VPS. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 loopback \u043d\u0430 VPS \u0438 reverse proxy.1. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430:\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 cloud.example.com;HTTPS \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Caddy;\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u0437\u0430 NAT\/CGNAT;reverse SSH tunnel \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPS;\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 systemd;\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 autossh;backend-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430.\u0418\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430:\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2192 HTTPS \u2192 VPS\/Caddy \u2192 127.0.0.1 \u043d\u0430 VPS \u2192 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2192 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u04402. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f:\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u2192 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 SSH-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2192 VPSVPS: 127.0.0.1:11000 \u2192 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2192 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440: 127.0.0.1:8080\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u2192 https:\/\/cloud.example.com \u2192 Caddy \u043d\u0430 VPS \u2192 127.0.0.1:11000\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b:HOME_SERVER \u2014 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 Linux-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u041f\u041a, Raspberry Pi, NAS \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0437\u0435\u043b \u0437\u0430 NAT\/CGNAT;VPS \u2014 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c IPv4\/IPv6-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c;tunneluser \u2014 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 VPS \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f remote port forwarding;OpenSSH \u2014 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c ssh -R;autossh \u2014 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 SSH-\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438;systemd \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b;Caddy \u2014 reverse proxy, TLS-\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f HTTP(S);UFW \u2014 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 firewall \u043d\u0430 VPS.\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 Ubuntu\/Debian-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438.3. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430:VPS: Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440: Debian\/Ubuntu-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430SSH: OpenSSH \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044fReverse proxy: Caddy 2Firewall: UFW\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f: autosshSupervisor: systemd\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f:\u0438\u043c\u044f SSH-\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b: ssh \u0438\u043b\u0438 sshd;\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 Caddy;\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432;\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 firewall;\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f OpenSSH \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 authorized_keys.4. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f4.1. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a VPS\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPS \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b:\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 IPv4 \u0438\u043b\u0438 IPv6;\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043f\u043e SSH;\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 VPS;Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Server 22.04\/24.04 \u0438\u043b\u0438 Debian 12;\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 root \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441 sudo;\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b 80\/tcp \u0438 443\/tcp \u0434\u043b\u044f Caddy;\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 SSH-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.4.2. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b:Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442;\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 OpenSSH-\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442;\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPS;\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c autossh;\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430.\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 127.0.0.1:8080, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:curl -I http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080\u0418\u043b\u0438:curl -I http:\/\/localhost:8080\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 backend-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c.5. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c reverse SSH tunnelSSH-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440:\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u2192 VPS\u041d\u043e endpoint \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPS:VPS: \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u2192 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2192 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:ssh -N \\  -R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080 \\  tunneluser@203.0.113.10\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 -R:-R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080   \u2502         \u2502     \u2502         \u2502   \u2502         \u2502     \u2502         \u2514\u2500 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435   \u2502         \u2502     \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435   \u2502         \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 VPS   \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 VPS\u041d\u0430 VPS \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 endpoint:127.0.0.1:11000\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 SSH-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c:127.0.0.1:8080\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e 127.0.0.1 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPS. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Caddy.6. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 VPS\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443:ssh root@203.0.113.10\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443:apt update &amp;&amp; apt upgrade -y\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b:apt install -y curl wget git ufw htop nano ca-certificates gnupg lsb-release\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430:lsb_release -a\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 IPv4:curl -4 ifconfig.me &amp;&amp; echo\u0414\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 SSH \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e SSH-\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432 sshd_config \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430.7. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f:adduser &#8212;disabled-password &#8212;gecos &#171;&#187; tunneluser\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439:mkdir -p \/home\/tunneluser\/.sshchmod 700 \/home\/tunneluser\/.sshchown -R tunneluser:tunneluser \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\u041e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 shell:usermod -s \/usr\/sbin\/nologin tunneluser\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:getent passwd tunneluser\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c:\/usr\/sbin\/nologin\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u2014 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 remote forwarding endpoints.8. \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u041d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f:ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 -C &#171;home-server-to-vps-reverse-tunnel&#187;\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 systemd passphrase \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 passphrase, ssh-agent \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 unattended-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438.\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b:ls -la ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519*\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f:vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519.pub\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447:cat ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519.pub\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a:ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAI&#8230; home-server-to-vps-reverse-tunnel\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u041d\u0430 VPS \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447.9. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0430 VPS\u041d\u0430 VPS \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b:nano \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430:chmod 600 \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keyschown tunneluser:tunneluser \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c:ls -la \/home\/tunneluser\/.ssh\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430:drwx&#8212;&#8212; 2 tunneluser tunneluser 4096 &#8230; .-rw&#8212;&#8212;- 1 tunneluser tunneluser  120 &#8230; authorized_keys\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 .ssh \u0438\u043b\u0438 authorized_keys \u2014 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 OpenSSH \u0432 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443.10. \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 OpenSSH \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPS\u0414\u043b\u044f tunneluser \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e TCP forwarding. \u041d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c GatewayPorts yes.\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433:nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config.d\/90-reverse-tunnel.conf\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c:# The tunnel account is permitted to create remote port forwards only.# Interactive access and unrelated forwarding mechanisms are disabled.Match User tunneluser    AllowTcpForwarding remote    GatewayPorts no    PermitTTY no    X11Forwarding no    AllowAgentForwarding no    PermitTunnel no    PasswordAuthentication no    PubkeyAuthentication yes\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432:AllowTcpForwarding remote \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e remote forwarding (ssh -R), \u0431\u0435\u0437 local forwarding;GatewayPorts no \u2014 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 remote forwarding \u043d\u0430 loopback-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u0445 VPS;PermitTTY no \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b;X11Forwarding no \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 X11 forwarding;AllowAgentForwarding no \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441 SSH-agent;PermitTunnel no \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 TUN\/TAP-\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438;PasswordAuthentication no \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f;PubkeyAuthentication yes \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443.\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433:sshd -t\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c SSH:systemctl restart ssh\u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445:systemctl restart sshd\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441:systemctl status ssh &#8212;no-pager\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e: **\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 SSH \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e **sshd -t.11. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e\u041d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c host key VPS \u0432 known_hosts:ssh-keyscan -H 203.0.113.10 &gt;&gt; ~\/.ssh\/known_hosts\u0412 production-\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 fingerprint \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 VPS-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435. ssh-keyscan \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e:ssh -i ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 tunneluser@203.0.113.10\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \/usr\/sbin\/nologin, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c:This account is currently not available.\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c -N, \u0431\u0435\u0437 shell.\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c reverse tunnel:ssh -N \\  -i ~\/.ssh\/vps_reverse_tunnel_ed25519 \\  -o ExitOnForwardFailure=yes \\  -o ServerAliveInterval=30 \\  -o ServerAliveCountMax=3 \\  -o StrictHostKeyChecking=yes \\  -R 127.0.0.1:11000:127.0.0.1:8080 \\  tunneluser@203.0.113.10\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 foreground-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435.\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a VPS:ssh root@203.0.113.10\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c listener:ss -tulpn | grep 11000\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:tcp LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:11000 &#8230; sshd\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c HTTP \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c:curl -I http:\/\/127.0.0.1:11000\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 backend \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442.12. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 autossh \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 ssh -N -R \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-480732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/480732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=480732"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/480732\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=480732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=480732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=480732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}