{"id":482668,"date":"2026-06-07T04:00:29","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T04:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=482668"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T21:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=482668","title":{"rendered":"\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0445: \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440"},"content":{"rendered":"<div xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">\n<h2>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0451\u043b \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u043c. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443-\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0418\u0437\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 Garret Sobczyk <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1703.01244\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u201cSpinors in Spacetime Algebra and Euclidean 4-Space\u201d<\/a> \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e 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src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.871\" data-height=\"2.395\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c 1-\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"e_0\" alt=\"e_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b1a\/b1a1e099dc6974042f7c2494ae353f49.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"2.042\" data-height=\"1.375\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.375\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" 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data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e2d\/e2dd5cee35d6f3d5d8b7561dab9795a8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e2d\/e2dd5cee35d6f3d5d8b7561dab9795a8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\gamma_0^2=+1,\\qquad \\gamma_i^2=-1,\\\\\\gamma_\\mu\\gamma_\\nu+\\gamma_\\nu\\gamma_\\mu=2\\eta_{\\mu\\nu},\\qquad\\eta=\\operatorname{diag}(1,-1,-1,-1).\" alt=\"\\gamma_0^2=+1,\\qquad \\gamma_i^2=-1,\\\\\\gamma_\\mu\\gamma_\\nu+\\gamma_\\nu\\gamma_\\mu=2\\eta_{\\mu\\nu},\\qquad\\eta=\\operatorname{diag}(1,-1,-1,-1).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c2\/c26\/c26328df6e9d1f7f87715284e6cba947.svg\" width=\"384\" height=\"48\" data-width=\"48.137\" data-height=\"6.107\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.488\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" 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780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e2d\/e2dd5cee35d6f3d5d8b7561dab9795a8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434-\u0438\u043d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" alt=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.871\" data-height=\"2.395\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b.<br \/> \u0423\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"M(A):=e_0Ae_0.\" alt=\"M(A):=e_0Ae_0.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/32\/32b\/32b70b5e6ecf099010e90145bb3b36d7.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.891\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/32\/32b\/32b70b5e6ecf099010e90145bb3b36d7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/32\/32b\/32b70b5e6ecf099010e90145bb3b36d7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"v=v_\\parallel+v_\\perp\" alt=\"v=v_\\parallel+v_\\perp\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2e\/2e9\/2e93092a5887ab19df32051915ca1e3a.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.495\" data-height=\"2.497\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.683\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2e\/2e9\/2e93092a5887ab19df32051915ca1e3a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2e\/2e9\/2e93092a5887ab19df32051915ca1e3a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"v_\\parallel\" alt=\"v_\\parallel\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e9\/e9d\/e9d240e6c69462e2c4bbfa70c5aac5df.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.085\" data-height=\"2.497\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.683\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e9\/e9d\/e9d240e6c69462e2c4bbfa70c5aac5df.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e9\/e9d\/e9d240e6c69462e2c4bbfa70c5aac5df.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"e_0\" alt=\"e_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b1a\/b1a1e099dc6974042f7c2494ae353f49.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"2.042\" data-height=\"1.375\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.375\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b1a\/b1a1e099dc6974042f7c2494ae353f49.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b1a\/b1a1e099dc6974042f7c2494ae353f49.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"v_\\perp\" alt=\"v_\\perp\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9be\/9be07ad667045728b7c1889fa089126c.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.53\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9be\/9be07ad667045728b7c1889fa089126c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9be\/9be07ad667045728b7c1889fa089126c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> &#8212; \u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"M(v)=v_\\parallel-v_\\perp\" alt=\"M(v)=v_\\parallel-v_\\perp\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c6\/c6a\/c6a5e2080e77872fde093490943e35d5.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.633\" data-height=\"2.497\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.683\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c6\/c6a\/c6a5e2080e77872fde093490943e35d5.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c6\/c6a\/c6a5e2080e77872fde093490943e35d5.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a.<br \/> \u041a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043b\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"g(u,v)=\\delta(Mu,v),\" alt=\"g(u,v)=\\delta(Mu,v),\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/ee1\/ee14727e3005046510e96959533d07e2.svg\" width=\"144\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"18.423\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/ee1\/ee14727e3005046510e96959533d07e2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/ee1\/ee14727e3005046510e96959533d07e2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Reddy-Sharma-Sivaramakrishnan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/268492746_Lorentzian_metric_induced_from_a_background_Riemannian_metric\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u201cLorentzian metric induced from a background Riemannian metric\u201d<\/a>.<br \/> \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"A^\\ddagger=e_0\\widetilde A e_0 = M(\\widetilde A),\" alt=\"A^\\ddagger=e_0\\widetilde A e_0 = M(\\widetilde A),\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a7\/a77\/a771935be6d69fe3cde1825c3a946217.svg\" width=\"160\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"20.874\" data-height=\"2.932\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.9\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a7\/a77\/a771935be6d69fe3cde1825c3a946217.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a7\/a77\/a771935be6d69fe3cde1825c3a946217.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434-\u0438\u043d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\alpha_\\gamma(A)=e_0\\alpha_\\delta(A)e_0 = M(\\alpha_\\delta(A)).\" alt=\"\\alpha_\\gamma(A)=e_0\\alpha_\\delta(A)e_0 = M(\\alpha_\\delta(A)).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4e\/4e5\/4e56b150acf1fdf1063bb0cfe6a2e86b.svg\" width=\"256\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"32.453\" data-height=\"2.382\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.625\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4e\/4e5\/4e56b150acf1fdf1063bb0cfe6a2e86b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4e\/4e5\/4e56b150acf1fdf1063bb0cfe6a2e86b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434-\u0438\u043d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" alt=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.871\" data-height=\"2.395\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" alt=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.871\" data-height=\"2.395\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<br \/> \u041d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\star_\\delta B:=BI_4\" alt=\"\\star_\\delta B:=BI_4\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ad\/ad3\/ad383ff2c03034c453c206260d0c5c6c.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.093\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ad\/ad3\/ad383ff2c03034c453c206260d0c5c6c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ad\/ad3\/ad383ff2c03034c453c206260d0c5c6c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0432\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442 +1. \u041d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"J_{e_0}:=\\star_\\delta \\circ M\" alt=\"J_{e_0}:=\\star_\\delta \\circ M\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/29\/297\/2971f2c74077302ddf28fde2478a8c4e.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.077\" data-height=\"2.301\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.585\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/29\/297\/2971f2c74077302ddf28fde2478a8c4e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/29\/297\/2971f2c74077302ddf28fde2478a8c4e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"J_{e_0}^2=-1.\" alt=\"J_{e_0}^2=-1.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/00\/00b\/00b0254486579164b0d46fcbba704b32.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.425\" data-height=\"2.824\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.824\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/00\/00b\/00b0254486579164b0d46fcbba704b32.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/00\/00b\/00b0254486579164b0d46fcbba704b32.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"J_{e_0}\" alt=\"J_{e_0}\" 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https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/de\/de5\/de5cb0d0cd49294a9c9a43e15866afff.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0438 \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"I_4=e_0e_1e_2e_3.\" alt=\"I_4=e_0e_1e_2e_3.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a5\/a5c\/a5ce589b28379b95f886644fe6ed0e19.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"13.797\" data-height=\"1.92\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.375\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a5\/a5c\/a5ce589b28379b95f886644fe6ed0e19.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a5\/a5c\/a5ce589b28379b95f886644fe6ed0e19.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0412 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" alt=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" 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https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e3\/3e3c748c0a71a20ff8bcdbc428442a8b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"M(B):=e_0Be_0.\" alt=\"M(B):=e_0Be_0.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/73\/73b\/73bb179f0232006402238693843483a4.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.931\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/73\/73b\/73bb179f0232006402238693843483a4.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/73\/73b\/73bb179f0232006402238693843483a4.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u2014 \u0435\u0432\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\star_\\delta B:=BI_4.\" alt=\"\\star_\\delta B:=BI_4.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c2\/2c260d4e209e3febbd322433bcd01712.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.722\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c2\/2c260d4e209e3febbd322433bcd01712.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c2\/2c260d4e209e3febbd322433bcd01712.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" 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https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c7\/c74\/c74663eae82b885e3059fbcf8c7294a3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"J_{e_0}^2=\\star_\\delta(M\\star_\\delta)M=-\\star_\\delta\\star_\\delta MM=-1.\" alt=\"J_{e_0}^2=\\star_\\delta(M\\star_\\delta)M=-\\star_\\delta\\star_\\delta MM=-1.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/01\/01f\/01fe07e78983971b82bcbd23ffcefca2.svg\" width=\"304\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"38.116\" data-height=\"2.824\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.846\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/01\/01f\/01fe07e78983971b82bcbd23ffcefca2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/01\/01f\/01fe07e78983971b82bcbd23ffcefca2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"J_{e_0}^2=-1\" alt=\"J_{e_0}^2=-1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/20\/20e\/20edcc300c4d7c2bab3364d8eb10e062.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.796\" data-height=\"2.824\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.824\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/20\/20e\/20edcc300c4d7c2bab3364d8eb10e062.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/20\/20e\/20edcc300c4d7c2bab3364d8eb10e062.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0439: \u0435\u0432\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c + \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"J_{e_0}\" alt=\"J_{e_0}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/36\/369\/3699d77567435e6d208e92f9b93b627a.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.887\" data-height=\"2.149\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.604\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/36\/369\/3699d77567435e6d208e92f9b93b627a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/36\/369\/3699d77567435e6d208e92f9b93b627a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435. \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c, \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 Sobczyk,<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\gamma_i=e_ie_0.\" alt=\"\\gamma_i=e_ie_0.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19f\/19f8e64cac4930000a6aff298b7684a6.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.394\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19f\/19f8e64cac4930000a6aff298b7684a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19f\/19f8e64cac4930000a6aff298b7684a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0451\u0440\u044b \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\Gamma_i:=-I_4\\gamma_i.\" alt=\"\\Gamma_i:=-I_4\\gamma_i.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c5\/c5d\/c5d01a8576ae8cf5d646ae524b7abcad.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.084\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c5\/c5d\/c5d01a8576ae8cf5d646ae524b7abcad.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c5\/c5d\/c5d01a8576ae8cf5d646ae524b7abcad.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" 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https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b4\/b47\/b47b68c629bcd1b61fad554f2adb0586.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"e_0\" alt=\"e_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b1a\/b1a1e099dc6974042f7c2494ae353f49.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"2.042\" data-height=\"1.375\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.375\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b1a\/b1a1e099dc6974042f7c2494ae353f49.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b1a\/b1a1e099dc6974042f7c2494ae353f49.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>,<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"e_0\\Gamma_i e_0=\\Gamma_i.\" alt=\"e_0\\Gamma_i e_0=\\Gamma_i.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1ab\/1abf60ec45db31937a99ce094cd22dea.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.037\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1ab\/1abf60ec45db31937a99ce094cd22dea.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1ab\/1abf60ec45db31937a99ce094cd22dea.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442,<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"J_{e_0}(\\Gamma_i)=\\Gamma_i I_4.\" alt=\"J_{e_0}(\\Gamma_i)=\\Gamma_i I_4.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b12\/b127637790035f2ae990009f7ac49e33.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.584\" data-height=\"2.301\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.585\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b12\/b127637790035f2ae990009f7ac49e33.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b12\/b127637790035f2ae990009f7ac49e33.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u043e<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\Gamma_i=-I_4 \\gamma_i,\" alt=\"\\Gamma_i=-I_4 \\gamma_i,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fc\/fc5\/fc5b527124e09f0033d015fd59a9b16e.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.455\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fc\/fc5\/fc5b527124e09f0033d015fd59a9b16e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fc\/fc5\/fc5b527124e09f0033d015fd59a9b16e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\Gamma_i I_4=-\\gamma_i.\" alt=\"\\Gamma_i I_4=-\\gamma_i.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e9\/e97\/e97c301d1b5339eac11b7b906905ec35.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.455\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e9\/e97\/e97c301d1b5339eac11b7b906905ec35.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e9\/e97\/e97c301d1b5339eac11b7b906905ec35.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a,<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"J_{e_0}(\\gamma_i)=\\Gamma_i,\\qquad J_{e_0}(\\Gamma_i)=-\\gamma_i.\" alt=\"J_{e_0}(\\gamma_i)=\\Gamma_i,\\qquad J_{e_0}(\\Gamma_i)=-\\gamma_i.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a7\/a75\/a75e8ed36a1040868b55b4f74eccf06e.svg\" width=\"248\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"31.38\" data-height=\"2.301\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.585\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a7\/a75\/a75e8ed36a1040868b55b4f74eccf06e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a7\/a75\/a75e8ed36a1040868b55b4f74eccf06e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0435<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"(\\gamma_i,\\Gamma_i).\" alt=\"(\\gamma_i,\\Gamma_i).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/55\/55e\/55e6555e4f5d099421efa8aa899e82a8.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.461\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/55\/55e\/55e6555e4f5d099421efa8aa899e82a8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/55\/55e\/55e6555e4f5d099421efa8aa899e82a8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"M(A):=e_0Ae_0\" alt=\"M(A):=e_0Ae_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/57\/575\/57548a616f81c791bcf23bb8594d9709.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.262\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/57\/575\/57548a616f81c791bcf23bb8594d9709.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/57\/575\/57548a616f81c791bcf23bb8594d9709.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445: \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434-\u0438\u043d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0435\u0432\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e &#8212; \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440:<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p align=\"left\">\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cl_{(1,3)}\" alt=\"Cl_{(1,3)}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e2d\/e2dd5cee35d6f3d5d8b7561dab9795a8.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.871\" data-height=\"2.395\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e2d\/e2dd5cee35d6f3d5d8b7561dab9795a8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e2d\/e2dd5cee35d6f3d5d8b7561dab9795a8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p align=\"left\">\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" alt=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.871\" data-height=\"2.395\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"1^{}_{}\" alt=\"1^{}_{}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9d9\/9d981a799464023626b2aad7a9f9c737.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.319\" data-height=\"2.066\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.559\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9d9\/9d981a799464023626b2aad7a9f9c737.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9d9\/9d981a799464023626b2aad7a9f9c737.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"1^{}_{}\" alt=\"1^{}_{}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9d9\/9d981a799464023626b2aad7a9f9c737.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.319\" data-height=\"2.066\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.559\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9d9\/9d981a799464023626b2aad7a9f9c737.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9d9\/9d981a799464023626b2aad7a9f9c737.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\gamma^{}_0\" alt=\"\\gamma^{}_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a39\/a397044bcc6bff82f3fc93d119072993.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.16\" data-height=\"2.291\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.58\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a39\/a397044bcc6bff82f3fc93d119072993.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a39\/a397044bcc6bff82f3fc93d119072993.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"e^{}_0\" alt=\"e^{}_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e3\/3e3c748c0a71a20ff8bcdbc428442a8b.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"2.042\" data-height=\"1.594\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.594\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e3\/3e3c748c0a71a20ff8bcdbc428442a8b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e3\/3e3c748c0a71a20ff8bcdbc428442a8b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\gamma^{}_1\" alt=\"\\gamma^{}_1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/beb\/bebfb5927604a3b933aa59785ad99df0.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.16\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/beb\/bebfb5927604a3b933aa59785ad99df0.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/beb\/bebfb5927604a3b933aa59785ad99df0.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"e^{}_1e^{}_0\" alt=\"e^{}_1e^{}_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2cb\/2cb466ae4542adc719761cbf24151a76.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"4.084\" data-height=\"1.594\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.594\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2cb\/2cb466ae4542adc719761cbf24151a76.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2cb\/2cb466ae4542adc719761cbf24151a76.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\gamma^{}_2\" alt=\"\\gamma^{}_2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/711\/711da82eca01c48d6a0369f7b0f8fb47.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.16\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/711\/711da82eca01c48d6a0369f7b0f8fb47.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/711\/711da82eca01c48d6a0369f7b0f8fb47.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"left\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"e^{}_2e^{}_0\" alt=\"e^{}_2e^{}_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e8\/e84\/e84c9a65961bd5ab84fe7d343e116b94.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"4.084\" data-height=\"1.594\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.594\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e8\/e84\/e84c9a65961bd5ab84fe7d343e116b94.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e8\/e84\/e84c9a65961bd5ab84fe7d343e116b94.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p 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srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6ac\/6ac978d9471e015cfb272f2fa4592824.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6ac\/6ac978d9471e015cfb272f2fa4592824.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e STA (space-time algebra, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cl_{(1,3)}\" alt=\"Cl_{(1,3)}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e2d\/e2dd5cee35d6f3d5d8b7561dab9795a8.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.871\" data-height=\"2.395\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e2d\/e2dd5cee35d6f3d5d8b7561dab9795a8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e2d\/e2dd5cee35d6f3d5d8b7561dab9795a8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>) \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0432\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" alt=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.871\" data-height=\"2.395\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"e_0\" alt=\"e_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b1a\/b1a1e099dc6974042f7c2494ae353f49.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"2.042\" data-height=\"1.375\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.375\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b1a\/b1a1e099dc6974042f7c2494ae353f49.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b1a\/b1a1e099dc6974042f7c2494ae353f49.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<h3>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430<\/h3>\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432 STA: \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbf{E},\\mathbf{B}\" alt=\"\\mathbf{E},\\mathbf{B}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9a\/9aa\/9aa601172842a6aeda16bd6f9be5b047.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.567\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9a\/9aa\/9aa601172842a6aeda16bd6f9be5b047.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9a\/9aa\/9aa601172842a6aeda16bd6f9be5b047.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"F^{}_{}\" alt=\"F^{}_{}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.007\" data-height=\"2.097\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.559\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c^{},\\varepsilon_0,\\mu_0\" alt=\"c^{},\\varepsilon_0,\\mu_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a5\/a55\/a55d7ddeb7122a011c18f57d74ffaad9.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.573\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a5\/a55\/a55d7ddeb7122a011c18f57d74ffaad9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a5\/a55\/a55d7ddeb7122a011c18f57d74ffaad9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mathematical_descriptions_of_the_electromagnetic_field\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\nabla F=J,\" alt=\"\\nabla F=J,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/bae\/baeb1510f819f38ff9feddbe4149277b.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.657\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/bae\/baeb1510f819f38ff9feddbe4149277b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/bae\/baeb1510f819f38ff9feddbe4149277b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\nabla=\\gamma^\\mu\\partial_\\mu\" alt=\"\\nabla=\\gamma^\\mu\\partial_\\mu\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8c\/8cf\/8cf6b4f8cd7143cc66d0bcbffb4bb4dd.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.752\" data-height=\"2.382\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.625\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8c\/8cf\/8cf6b4f8cd7143cc66d0bcbffb4bb4dd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8c\/8cf\/8cf6b4f8cd7143cc66d0bcbffb4bb4dd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"F^{}_{}\" alt=\"F^{}_{}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.007\" data-height=\"2.097\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.559\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> &#8212; \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"J^{}_{}\" alt=\"J^{}_{}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/44c\/44c880feb9e75043ac85611200cf109e.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.742\" data-height=\"2.104\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.559\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/44c\/44c880feb9e75043ac85611200cf109e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/44c\/44c880feb9e75043ac85611200cf109e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> &#8212; 4-\u0442\u043e\u043a.<br \/> \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\nabla\" alt=\"\\nabla\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/831\/8319f01cae0e5752ba2e719544659959.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.885\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/831\/8319f01cae0e5752ba2e719544659959.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/831\/8319f01cae0e5752ba2e719544659959.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"F^{}_{}\" alt=\"F^{}_{}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.007\" data-height=\"2.097\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.559\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438,<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\nabla F=\\nabla\\cdot F+\\nabla\\wedge F,\" alt=\"\\nabla F=\\nabla\\cdot F+\\nabla\\wedge F,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e8\/e8d\/e8db9b3470e3d107e5944b3a825358d6.svg\" width=\"168\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"21.298\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e8\/e8d\/e8db9b3470e3d107e5944b3a825358d6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e8\/e8d\/e8db9b3470e3d107e5944b3a825358d6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\nabla\\cdot F=J,\\\\\\nabla\\wedge F=0.\" alt=\"\\nabla\\cdot F=J,\\\\\\nabla\\wedge F=0.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/239\/239b2536c0bf0db43a1cc4a3817cbe9a.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"10.871\" data-height=\"5.656\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.262\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/239\/239b2536c0bf0db43a1cc4a3817cbe9a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/239\/239b2536c0bf0db43a1cc4a3817cbe9a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\nabla\\cdot\\mathbf{E}_\\gamma = \\rho,\\\\\\nabla\\times\\mathbf{B}_\\gamma -\\partial_t\\mathbf{E}_\\gamma = \\mathbf j.\" alt=\"\\nabla\\cdot\\mathbf{E}_\\gamma = \\rho,\\\\\\nabla\\times\\mathbf{B}_\\gamma -\\partial_t\\mathbf{E}_\\gamma = \\mathbf j.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0e\/0e2\/0e214547f76c1f49284e540d4da8f21d.svg\" width=\"152\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"19.497\" data-height=\"5.895\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.382\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0e\/0e2\/0e214547f76c1f49284e540d4da8f21d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0e\/0e2\/0e214547f76c1f49284e540d4da8f21d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\nabla\\cdot\\mathbf{B}_\\gamma = 0,\\\\\\nabla\\times\\mathbf{E}_\\gamma + \\partial_t\\mathbf{B}_\\gamma = 0.\" alt=\"\\nabla\\cdot\\mathbf{B}_\\gamma = 0,\\\\\\nabla\\times\\mathbf{E}_\\gamma + \\partial_t\\mathbf{B}_\\gamma = 0.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d5\/0d5a50ffa471be3199eab012d0337db0.svg\" width=\"152\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"19.834\" data-height=\"5.895\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.382\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d5\/0d5a50ffa471be3199eab012d0337db0.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d5\/0d5a50ffa471be3199eab012d0337db0.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 STA \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"F^{}_{}\" alt=\"F^{}_{}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.007\" data-height=\"2.097\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.559\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<br \/> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\gamma_0\" alt=\"\\gamma_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/672\/6721c4ef9d303bec60e083f632e35ebb.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.16\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/672\/6721c4ef9d303bec60e083f632e35ebb.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/672\/6721c4ef9d303bec60e083f632e35ebb.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"F=\\mathbf{E}_\\gamma+I\\mathbf{B}_\\gamma,\" alt=\"F=\\mathbf{E}_\\gamma+I\\mathbf{B}_\\gamma,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/35e\/35e5add162c84fbee11b1e6627c7bb26.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.921\" data-height=\"2.382\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.625\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/35e\/35e5add162c84fbee11b1e6627c7bb26.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/35e\/35e5add162c84fbee11b1e6627c7bb26.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"I=\\gamma_0\\gamma_1\\gamma_2\\gamma_3\" alt=\"I=\\gamma_0\\gamma_1\\gamma_2\\gamma_3\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e6\/e65\/e6512102a449b8d442c00fd6c4e08a7d.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.796\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e6\/e65\/e6512102a449b8d442c00fd6c4e08a7d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e6\/e65\/e6512102a449b8d442c00fd6c4e08a7d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> &#8212; \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0440 STA, \u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbf{E}_\\gamma\" alt=\"\\mathbf{E}_\\gamma\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/08\/085\/085f2493da6c0260a2191379e691d134.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.767\" data-height=\"2.382\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.625\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/08\/085\/085f2493da6c0260a2191379e691d134.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/08\/085\/085f2493da6c0260a2191379e691d134.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbf{B}_\\gamma\" alt=\"\\mathbf{B}_\\gamma\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6a1\/6a1e1cfe2078af202cf10b0ad999e892.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.907\" data-height=\"2.382\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.625\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6a1\/6a1e1cfe2078af202cf10b0ad999e892.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6a1\/6a1e1cfe2078af202cf10b0ad999e892.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 Sobczyk: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\gamma_0=e_0,\\gamma_i=e_ie_0:\" alt=\"\\gamma_0=e_0,\\gamma_i=e_ie_0:\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/840\/84039549c74ae1852ef9208da405f0b7.svg\" width=\"144\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"18.247\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/840\/84039549c74ae1852ef9208da405f0b7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/840\/84039549c74ae1852ef9208da405f0b7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"F=\\mathbf E+I\\mathbf B = E^i(\\gamma_i\\gamma_0)+B^i I(\\gamma_i\\gamma_0) \\in Cl^2_{(1,3)} \\\\\\downarrow{ \\\\ \\gamma_0=e_0,\\ \\gamma_i=e_ie_0 : \\\\ I = \\gamma_0\\gamma_1\\gamma_2\\gamma_3 = I_3=e_1e_2e_3 }\\ \\\\\\mathbf F_\\delta = E^i e_i + B^i I_3 e_i = \\mathbf E_\\delta + I_3\\mathbf B_\\delta \\in Cl^1_{(4,0)}\\oplus Cl^2_{(4,0)}.\" alt=\"F=\\mathbf E+I\\mathbf B = E^i(\\gamma_i\\gamma_0)+B^i I(\\gamma_i\\gamma_0) \\in Cl^2_{(1,3)} \\\\\\downarrow{ \\\\ \\gamma_0=e_0,\\ \\gamma_i=e_ie_0 : \\\\ I = \\gamma_0\\gamma_1\\gamma_2\\gamma_3 = I_3=e_1e_2e_3 }\\ \\\\\\mathbf F_\\delta = E^i e_i + B^i I_3 e_i = \\mathbf E_\\delta + I_3\\mathbf B_\\delta \\in Cl^1_{(4,0)}\\oplus Cl^2_{(4,0)}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9c2\/9c2b9bcc56c425594812670fb1add5fe.svg\" width=\"392\" height=\"80\" data-width=\"49.956\" data-height=\"10.67\" data-vertical-align=\"-4.769\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9c2\/9c2b9bcc56c425594812670fb1add5fe.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9c2\/9c2b9bcc56c425594812670fb1add5fe.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b STA \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" alt=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.871\" data-height=\"2.395\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"F^{}_{}\" alt=\"F^{}_{}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.007\" data-height=\"2.097\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.559\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" alt=\"Cl_{(4,0)}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.871\" data-height=\"2.395\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.8\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/713\/7131697928b4f06a12d9fb8e45d90be2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u044b &#8212; \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbf{E},\\mathbf{B}\" alt=\"\\mathbf{E},\\mathbf{B}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9a\/9aa\/9aa601172842a6aeda16bd6f9be5b047.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.567\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9a\/9aa\/9aa601172842a6aeda16bd6f9be5b047.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9a\/9aa\/9aa601172842a6aeda16bd6f9be5b047.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0432\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0435.<br \/> \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"F^{}_{}\" alt=\"F^{}_{}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.007\" data-height=\"2.097\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.559\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e7\/e77\/e7728e4f5ff859c4ce668d8760becd94.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432 STA \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b \u201c\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u201d \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443. \u041b\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438 4-\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\nabla=\\gamma^\\mu\\partial_\\mu =e_0\\partial_0-e_ie_0\\partial_i =e_0(\\partial_0+e_i\\partial_i)=e_0(\\partial_0+\\nabla_3),\\\\J = \\rho\\gamma_0 + j^i\\gamma_i = \\rho e_0 + j^i e_ie_0=e_0(\\rho-j^ie_i).\" alt=\"\\nabla=\\gamma^\\mu\\partial_\\mu =e_0\\partial_0-e_ie_0\\partial_i =e_0(\\partial_0+e_i\\partial_i)=e_0(\\partial_0+\\nabla_3),\\\\J = \\rho\\gamma_0 + j^i\\gamma_i = \\rho e_0 + j^i e_ie_0=e_0(\\rho-j^ie_i).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/22\/227\/2274f0479836563d298d453d3816e0a7.svg\" width=\"448\" height=\"48\" data-width=\"56.328\" data-height=\"6.07\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.47\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/22\/227\/2274f0479836563d298d453d3816e0a7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/22\/227\/2274f0479836563d298d453d3816e0a7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"(\\partial_0+\\nabla_3)(\\mathbf E+I_3\\mathbf B)=\\rho-\\mathbf j.\" alt=\"(\\partial_0+\\nabla_3)(\\mathbf E+I_3\\mathbf B)=\\rho-\\mathbf j.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1e\/1ee\/1eec85e2b4145b6398cf0895646eaaf6.svg\" width=\"224\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"28.033\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1e\/1ee\/1eec85e2b4145b6398cf0895646eaaf6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1e\/1ee\/1eec85e2b4145b6398cf0895646eaaf6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043c:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"(\\partial_0+\\nabla_3)(\\mathbf E+I_3\\mathbf B)=\\partial_0\\mathbf E+\\partial_0(I_3\\mathbf B)+\\nabla_3\\mathbf E+\\nabla_3(I_3\\mathbf B).\" alt=\"(\\partial_0+\\nabla_3)(\\mathbf E+I_3\\mathbf B)=\\partial_0\\mathbf E+\\partial_0(I_3\\mathbf B)+\\nabla_3\\mathbf E+\\nabla_3(I_3\\mathbf B).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/288\/288429684b3d7027a5e519ae83aab004.svg\" width=\"448\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"56.332\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/288\/288429684b3d7027a5e519ae83aab004.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/288\/288429684b3d7027a5e519ae83aab004.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435<br \/> (1) <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\nabla_3\\mathbf{E}=\\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf{E}+\\nabla_3\\wedge\\mathbf{E}\" alt=\"\\nabla_3\\mathbf{E}=\\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf{E}+\\nabla_3\\wedge\\mathbf{E}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/32\/32b\/32b9887fc8f09bae9c9a203c85da5003.svg\" width=\"184\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"23.68\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/32\/32b\/32b9887fc8f09bae9c9a203c85da5003.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/32\/32b\/32b9887fc8f09bae9c9a203c85da5003.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>,<br \/> (2) <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\nabla_3(I_3\\mathbf{B})=I_3(\\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf{B})-(\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf{B})\" alt=\"\\nabla_3(I_3\\mathbf{B})=I_3(\\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf{B})-(\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf{B})\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f8f\/f8f9569f62c4ed9995324534b553dde9.svg\" width=\"264\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"33.599\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f8f\/f8f9569f62c4ed9995324534b553dde9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f8f\/f8f9569f62c4ed9995324534b553dde9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>,<br \/> (3) <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\nabla_3\\wedge\\mathbf{E}=I_3(\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf{E})\" alt=\"\\nabla_3\\wedge\\mathbf{E}=I_3(\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf{E})\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/81\/815\/81508d629ff2403b2dfd119712f74f6e.svg\" width=\"168\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"21.206\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/81\/815\/81508d629ff2403b2dfd119712f74f6e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/81\/815\/81508d629ff2403b2dfd119712f74f6e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>,<br \/> \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf E+\\left(\\partial_0\\mathbf E-\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf B\\right)+I_3\\left(\\partial_0\\mathbf B+\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf E\\right)+I_3(\\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf B)=\\rho-\\mathbf j\" alt=\"\\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf E+\\left(\\partial_0\\mathbf E-\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf B\\right)+I_3\\left(\\partial_0\\mathbf B+\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf E\\right)+I_3(\\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf B)=\\rho-\\mathbf j\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/648\/6489780bd32afdae111948aab78f7909.svg\" width=\"528\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"66.55\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/648\/6489780bd32afdae111948aab78f7909.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/648\/6489780bd32afdae111948aab78f7909.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043c:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"Cl^0:\\qquad \\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf E=\\rho,\\\\Cl^1:\\qquad \\partial_0\\mathbf E-(\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf B)=-\\mathbf j,\\\\Cl^2:\\qquad \\partial_0(I_3\\mathbf B)+I_3(\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf E)=0,\\\\Cl^3:\\qquad I_3(\\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf B)=0.\" alt=\"Cl^0:\\qquad \\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf E=\\rho,\\\\Cl^1:\\qquad \\partial_0\\mathbf E-(\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf B)=-\\mathbf j,\\\\Cl^2:\\qquad \\partial_0(I_3\\mathbf B)+I_3(\\nabla_3\\times\\mathbf E)=0,\\\\Cl^3:\\qquad I_3(\\nabla_3\\cdot\\mathbf B)=0.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bf\/bf1\/bf1f6a94abba7060745d45d10488143b.svg\" width=\"288\" height=\"104\" data-width=\"36.21\" data-height=\"13.654\" data-vertical-align=\"-6.261\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bf\/bf1\/bf1f6a94abba7060745d45d10488143b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bf\/bf1\/bf1f6a94abba7060745d45d10488143b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.<br \/> \u041d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\nabla\\cdot F=J\" alt=\"\\nabla\\cdot F=J\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a6\/a66\/a66c7cbbb7b043176824910e3fa79693.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.663\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a6\/a66\/a66c7cbbb7b043176824910e3fa79693.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a6\/a66\/a66c7cbbb7b043176824910e3fa79693.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\nabla\\wedge F=0\" alt=\"\\nabla\\wedge F=0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/053\/05356d60124325c2f0bc6bcdfa0df0d2.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.242\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/053\/05356d60124325c2f0bc6bcdfa0df0d2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/053\/05356d60124325c2f0bc6bcdfa0df0d2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0435:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"Cl^0,\\quad Cl^1,\\quad Cl^2,\\quad Cl^3.\" alt=\"Cl^0,\\quad Cl^1,\\quad Cl^2,\\quad Cl^3.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/38\/38e\/38e6cd04eef743d80314d60e96d4d9ca.svg\" width=\"184\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"23.96\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.717\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/38\/38e\/38e6cd04eef743d80314d60e96d4d9ca.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/38\/38e\/38e6cd04eef743d80314d60e96d4d9ca.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\rho-\\mathbf j\" alt=\"\\rho-\\mathbf j\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cc\/cc3\/cc3abefc61b99bc50e646ca628e11ec7.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.73\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cc\/cc3\/cc3abefc61b99bc50e646ca628e11ec7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cc\/cc3\/cc3abefc61b99bc50e646ca628e11ec7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440,<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"J_\\delta = e_0J\\in Cl^0_{(4,0)}\\oplus Cl^1_{(4,0)},\" alt=\"J_\\delta = e_0J\\in Cl^0_{(4,0)}\\oplus Cl^1_{(4,0)},\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/17\/172\/1722b61a0ebac51ce614e6fb94f3a740.svg\" width=\"208\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"26.547\" data-height=\"3.108\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.988\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/17\/172\/1722b61a0ebac51ce614e6fb94f3a740.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/17\/172\/1722b61a0ebac51ce614e6fb94f3a740.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\mathbf F_\\delta\\in Cl^1_{(4,0)}\\oplus Cl^2_{(4,0)}.\" alt=\"\\mathbf F_\\delta\\in Cl^1_{(4,0)}\\oplus Cl^2_{(4,0)}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5d\/5d6\/5d64945bbf14f8df52f9af79262d63a3.svg\" width=\"160\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"20.438\" data-height=\"3.072\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.971\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5d\/5d6\/5d64945bbf14f8df52f9af79262d63a3.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5d\/5d6\/5d64945bbf14f8df52f9af79262d63a3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439) \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u044b:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"Cl^0\\oplus Cl^1\\quad \\longleftrightarrow \\quad Cl^1\\oplus Cl^2.\" alt=\"Cl^0\\oplus Cl^1\\quad \\longleftrightarrow \\quad Cl^1\\oplus Cl^2.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/90\/907\/9073253ce138caff8a02abf3b3e93581.svg\" width=\"232\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"29.673\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.717\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/90\/907\/9073253ce138caff8a02abf3b3e93581.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/90\/907\/9073253ce138caff8a02abf3b3e93581.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/1044454\/\">https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/1044454\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0421\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c 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