{"id":483534,"date":"2026-06-14T03:02:05","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T03:02:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=483534"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T21:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savepearlharbor.com\/?p=483534","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0434\u044b IMC"},"content":{"rendered":"<div xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\">\n<h4>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0434\u044b (IMC) \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h4>\n<p>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438; \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 IMC 1994\u20132025<\/p>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u042f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0412\u0428\u042d, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 IMC. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437 AI-\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0430 100 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0418\u0418 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 pdf \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u2014 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043b. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p><em>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c I<\/em> \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438: \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0435, \u00ab\u043f\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c\u00bb \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0441 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 <em>\u0438\u0434\u0435\u044e<\/em> \u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. <\/p>\n<p><em>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c II<\/em> \u2014 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f). \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u2014 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0430 <em>\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u0435\u0433\u043e \u2014 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c <em>\u0432\u0441\u0435<\/em> \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438: (1) \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 <em>\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/em> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f; (2) <em>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c<\/em>, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442. <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><em>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438.<\/em> \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 (<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=y\" alt=\"x=y\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/91\/919\/919860b52317a584e5de6f3257631d16.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.42\" data-height=\"1.783\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/91\/919\/919860b52317a584e5de6f3257631d16.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/91\/919\/919860b52317a584e5de6f3257631d16.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y=0\" alt=\"y=0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fa\/fab\/fab37d6c4a697fe660387d3ff8e889a4.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.257\" data-height=\"1.971\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fa\/fab\/fab37d6c4a697fe660387d3ff8e889a4.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fa\/fab\/fab37d6c4a697fe660387d3ff8e889a4.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u00bb \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><em>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\Rightarrow\" alt=\"\\Rightarrow\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.262\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0436\u0451\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/em> \u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.76\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/236\/2369a2488f59aa39a3fca53e0eff9f88.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.633\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/236\/2369a2488f59aa39a3fca53e0eff9f88.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/236\/2369a2488f59aa39a3fca53e0eff9f88.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u043a \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f\u00bb \u0434\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><em>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/em> \u0423\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c(x+y)=c(x)+c(y)\" alt=\"c(x+y)=c(x)+c(y)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/02\/02b\/02b209ee818cc9aa14934ad4a70a48a3.svg\" width=\"168\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"21.573\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/02\/02b\/02b209ee818cc9aa14934ad4a70a48a3.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/02\/02b\/02b209ee818cc9aa14934ad4a70a48a3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f) \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><em>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/em>: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\\mapsto 7x+1\" alt=\"x\\mapsto 7x+1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/77\/770\/7706b31c664c2816c1b222f1b2be181c.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.136\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/77\/770\/7706b31c664c2816c1b222f1b2be181c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/77\/770\/7706b31c664c2816c1b222f1b2be181c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><em>\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/em>: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|f(u)-f(v)|\\le\\varepsilon\" alt=\"|f(u)-f(v)|\\le\\varepsilon\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/330\/3305f7737ebb52f941457d2b7d2a96b2.svg\" width=\"128\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"16.495\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/330\/3305f7737ebb52f941457d2b7d2a96b2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/330\/3305f7737ebb52f941457d2b7d2a96b2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\varepsilon\\to0\" alt=\"\\varepsilon\\to0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/beb\/beb05f317dafd2999c8b4f560f1a1a5f.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.705\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/beb\/beb05f317dafd2999c8b4f560f1a1a5f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/beb\/beb05f317dafd2999c8b4f560f1a1a5f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><em>\u0418\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u00ab\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u00bb <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/em>: \u0438\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(A)=f(B)\" alt=\"f(A)=f(B)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/97\/970\/9700231ac482d02796ab712f32e8920f.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.44\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/97\/970\/9700231ac482d02796ab712f32e8920f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/97\/970\/9700231ac482d02796ab712f32e8920f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"A=B\" alt=\"A=B\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/78\/78c\/78c2bf0e745ef66ed23a53269b5435ad.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"6.431\" data-height=\"1.805\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/78\/78c\/78c2bf0e745ef66ed23a53269b5435ad.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/78\/78c\/78c2bf0e745ef66ed23a53269b5435ad.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c I. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438<\/h3>\n<p>================================================================<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 2008, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 1, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1.1.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.917\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)-f(y)\" alt=\"f(x)-f(y)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e6\/e6f\/e6f1a200e47ff9cb56ad75558e6a3e36.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.177\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e6\/e6f\/e6f1a200e47ff9cb56ad75558e6a3e36.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e6\/e6f\/e6f1a200e47ff9cb56ad75558e6a3e36.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x-y\" alt=\"x-y\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19d\/19d59c7d61b117f2865b20b59c8b70f7.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.168\" data-height=\"1.783\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19d\/19d59c7d61b117f2865b20b59c8b70f7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19d\/19d59c7d61b117f2865b20b59c8b70f7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=ax+b\" alt=\"f(x)=ax+b\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b71\/b71b0c9abcfe420e111b2e640fc826af.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.543\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b71\/b71b0c9abcfe420e111b2e640fc826af.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b71\/b71b0c9abcfe420e111b2e640fc826af.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a\\in\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"a\\in\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ef\/ef6\/ef64387f2b8919850df0aa98a2ee8736.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.723\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ef\/ef6\/ef64387f2b8919850df0aa98a2ee8736.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ef\/ef6\/ef64387f2b8919850df0aa98a2ee8736.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435!), \u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"b\\in\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"b\\in\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/707\/707bb116c1f8b641faa7996b526597f3.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.37\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/707\/707bb116c1f8b641faa7996b526597f3.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/707\/707bb116c1f8b641faa7996b526597f3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0451\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f <em>\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0445<\/em>, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443: <\/p>\n<p>(1) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r\" alt=\"r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.02\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x+r)-f(x)\" alt=\"f(x+r)-f(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/58e\/58e51c803a2e6420cfc2b25b7c748517.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.149\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/58e\/58e51c803a2e6420cfc2b25b7c748517.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/58e\/58e51c803a2e6420cfc2b25b7c748517.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043e <em>\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/em>; <\/p>\n<p>(2) \u043f\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0451\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r\" alt=\"r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.02\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0438); <\/p>\n<p>(3) \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 0 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=ax+b\" alt=\"f(x)=ax+b\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b71\/b71b0c9abcfe420e111b2e640fc826af.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.543\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b71\/b71b0c9abcfe420e111b2e640fc826af.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b71\/b71b0c9abcfe420e111b2e640fc826af.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a\\in\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"a\\in\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ef\/ef6\/ef64387f2b8919850df0aa98a2ee8736.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.723\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ef\/ef6\/ef64387f2b8919850df0aa98a2ee8736.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ef\/ef6\/ef64387f2b8919850df0aa98a2ee8736.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)-f(y)=a(x-y)\" alt=\"f(x)-f(y)=a(x-y)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eed\/eed99c3580806fa5edc28b3e075eab83.svg\" width=\"176\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"22.32\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eed\/eed99c3580806fa5edc28b3e075eab83.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eed\/eed99c3580806fa5edc28b3e075eab83.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x-y\" alt=\"x-y\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19d\/19d59c7d61b117f2865b20b59c8b70f7.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.168\" data-height=\"1.783\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19d\/19d59c7d61b117f2865b20b59c8b70f7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19d\/19d59c7d61b117f2865b20b59c8b70f7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a\" alt=\"a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0c\/0cc\/0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.197\" data-height=\"1.02\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.023\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0c\/0cc\/0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0c\/0cc\/0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e; \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e <em>\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 1 (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r\" alt=\"r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.02\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"g_r(x)=f(x+r)-f(x).\" alt=\"g_r(x)=f(x+r)-f(x).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3b\/3b7\/3b73c260b779bc3eda37107edde7cf54.svg\" width=\"184\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"23.838\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3b\/3b7\/3b73c260b779bc3eda37107edde7cf54.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3b\/3b7\/3b73c260b779bc3eda37107edde7cf54.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430 (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445). \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(x+r)-x=r\" alt=\"(x+r)-x=r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/339\/33922337d36f46ebae231e334b11ac2d.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.938\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/339\/33922337d36f46ebae231e334b11ac2d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/339\/33922337d36f46ebae231e334b11ac2d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044e <em>\u0432\u0441\u0435<\/em> \u0435\u0451 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442: <strong>\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430.<\/strong> \u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u2014 \u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 1.1). \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g_r\" alt=\"g_r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/00\/006\/0063c76910886bba344854d28b6d6825.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.988\" data-height=\"1.464\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/00\/006\/0063c76910886bba344854d28b6d6825.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/00\/006\/0063c76910886bba344854d28b6d6825.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430; \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0451 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c(r)\\in\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"c(r)\\in\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c9\/c93\/c939de79621dbe6b25fbf35130215b40.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.286\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c9\/c93\/c939de79621dbe6b25fbf35130215b40.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c9\/c93\/c939de79621dbe6b25fbf35130215b40.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a,<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(x+r)-f(x)=c(r)\\quad\\text{\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }x\\in\\mathbb{R},\\ r\\in\\mathbb{Q}.\" alt=\"f(x+r)-f(x)=c(r)\\quad\\text{\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }x\\in\\mathbb{R},\\ r\\in\\mathbb{Q}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f1d\/f1d8cb6056412381c28b34a58bbd5b00.svg\" width=\"384\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"48.263\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f1d\/f1d8cb6056412381c28b34a58bbd5b00.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f1d\/f1d8cb6056412381c28b34a58bbd5b00.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/182\/cc5\/1c1\/182cc51c1f9c792db27af36597fd4a40.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.1.1.\" width=\"579\" height=\"255\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/182\/cc5\/1c1\/182cc51c1f9c792db27af36597fd4a40.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/182\/cc5\/1c1\/182cc51c1f9c792db27af36597fd4a40.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.1.1.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 1.1.<\/strong> \u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f, \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q_1\" alt=\"q_1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/28d\/28dc930e7c69157c9b0876863eee407c.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.997\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/28d\/28dc930e7c69157c9b0876863eee407c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/28d\/28dc930e7c69157c9b0876863eee407c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q_2\" alt=\"q_2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fa\/fa0\/fa043c065dd111d926a3d140b618b05e.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.997\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fa\/fa0\/fa043c065dd111d926a3d140b618b05e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fa\/fa0\/fa043c065dd111d926a3d140b618b05e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c (\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430). \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.76\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 2 (\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r\" alt=\"r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.02\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0438).<\/em> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r,s\" alt=\"r,s\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8d9\/8d96f5f9eb13d21d493263536644df77.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.087\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8d9\/8d96f5f9eb13d21d493263536644df77.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8d9\/8d96f5f9eb13d21d493263536644df77.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"c(r+s)=f(x+r+s)-f(x)=\\underbrace{\\big(f(x+r+s)-f(x+r)\\big)}_{=\\,c(s)}+\\underbrace{\\big(f(x+r)-f(x)\\big)}_{=\\,c(r)}=c(r)+c(s).\" alt=\"c(r+s)=f(x+r+s)-f(x)=\\underbrace{\\big(f(x+r+s)-f(x+r)\\big)}_{=\\,c(s)}+\\underbrace{\\big(f(x+r)-f(x)\\big)}_{=\\,c(r)}=c(r)+c(s).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7a\/7a2\/7a23f7d55e37ecfd137260070d4ee091.svg\" width=\"728\" height=\"48\" data-width=\"91.391\" data-height=\"6.319\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.594\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7a\/7a2\/7a23f7d55e37ecfd137260070d4ee091.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7a\/7a2\/7a23f7d55e37ecfd137260070d4ee091.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e <em>\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0438<\/em> \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.76\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0418\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.357\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c(n)=n\\,c(1)\" alt=\"c(n)=n\\,c(1)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5c\/5c2\/5c217f16722146999278f50211e0b7dd.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.721\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5c\/5c2\/5c217f16722146999278f50211e0b7dd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5c\/5c2\/5c217f16722146999278f50211e0b7dd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c(k\/n)=\\tfrac{k}{n}c(1)\" alt=\"c(k\/n)=\\tfrac{k}{n}c(1)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c8\/c89\/c891e50a174bcc96f59072394c60cbb3.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.251\" data-height=\"2.8\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.834\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c8\/c89\/c891e50a174bcc96f59072394c60cbb3.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c8\/c89\/c891e50a174bcc96f59072394c60cbb3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"c(r)=a\\,r,\\qquad a:=c(1)\\in\\mathbb{Q}.\" alt=\"c(r)=a\\,r,\\qquad a:=c(1)\\in\\mathbb{Q}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b7b\/b7bd93c75b0d2b33040b9ae273dd42e8.svg\" width=\"224\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"28.772\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b7b\/b7bd93c75b0d2b33040b9ae273dd42e8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b7b\/b7bd93c75b0d2b33040b9ae273dd42e8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 3 (\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430).<\/em> \u041c\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x+r)-f(x)=a\\,r\" alt=\"f(x+r)-f(x)=a\\,r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/aa\/aa8\/aa895bef4a48da4e59a31dadb0df5dd4.svg\" width=\"160\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"20.761\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/aa\/aa8\/aa895bef4a48da4e59a31dadb0df5dd4.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/aa\/aa8\/aa895bef4a48da4e59a31dadb0df5dd4.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> <em>\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r\" alt=\"r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.02\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/em>. \u041d\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r\" alt=\"r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.02\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435, \u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.76\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443 (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 1.2). \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f <em>\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445<\/em> \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r\" alt=\"r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.02\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=0\" alt=\"x=0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e11\/e11729b0b65ecade3fc272548a3883fc.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.442\" data-height=\"1.692\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e11\/e11729b0b65ecade3fc272548a3883fc.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e11\/e11729b0b65ecade3fc272548a3883fc.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(r)-f(0)=a\\,r\\quad\\Longrightarrow\\quad f(r)=a\\,r+f(0)\\quad(\\forall r\\in\\mathbb{R}).\" alt=\"f(r)-f(0)=a\\,r\\quad\\Longrightarrow\\quad f(r)=a\\,r+f(0)\\quad(\\forall r\\in\\mathbb{R}).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/799\/799b618c11bb494a066c9fe9c732da33.svg\" width=\"424\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"53.894\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/799\/799b618c11bb494a066c9fe9c732da33.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/799\/799b618c11bb494a066c9fe9c732da33.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"b=f(0)\" alt=\"b=f(0)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/332\/3322a596e3024a1b9539f5bd7f871805.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.123\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/332\/3322a596e3024a1b9539f5bd7f871805.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/332\/3322a596e3024a1b9539f5bd7f871805.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=ax+b\" alt=\"f(x)=ax+b\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b71\/b71b0c9abcfe420e111b2e640fc826af.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.543\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b71\/b71b0c9abcfe420e111b2e640fc826af.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b71\/b71b0c9abcfe420e111b2e640fc826af.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a\\in\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"a\\in\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ef\/ef6\/ef64387f2b8919850df0aa98a2ee8736.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.723\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ef\/ef6\/ef64387f2b8919850df0aa98a2ee8736.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ef\/ef6\/ef64387f2b8919850df0aa98a2ee8736.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u220e<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2fd\/cca\/488\/2fdcca488590e1e559f3a1b60897cfcf.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.1.2.\" width=\"660\" height=\"252\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2fd\/cca\/488\/2fdcca488590e1e559f3a1b60897cfcf.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2fd\/cca\/488\/2fdcca488590e1e559f3a1b60897cfcf.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.1.2.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 1.2.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x+r)-f(x)\" alt=\"f(x+r)-f(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/58e\/58e51c803a2e6420cfc2b25b7c748517.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.149\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/58e\/58e51c803a2e6420cfc2b25b7c748517.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/58e\/58e51c803a2e6420cfc2b25b7c748517.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a\\,r\" alt=\"a\\,r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/15\/156\/156f174ed5761b91a3d3e1e50396b7a6.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.595\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/15\/156\/156f174ed5761b91a3d3e1e50396b7a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/15\/156\/156f174ed5761b91a3d3e1e50396b7a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445; \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u00bb \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.76\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/236\/2369a2488f59aa39a3fca53e0eff9f88.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.633\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/236\/2369a2488f59aa39a3fca53e0eff9f88.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/236\/2369a2488f59aa39a3fca53e0eff9f88.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435: <\/p>\n<p>(i) \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.76\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430 (\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438); <\/p>\n<p>(ii) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c(r)\" alt=\"c(r)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/21\/214\/214a50b0454241e7aa07d99012ff8616.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"3.76\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/21\/214\/214a50b0454241e7aa07d99012ff8616.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/21\/214\/214a50b0454241e7aa07d99012ff8616.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0438, \u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c; <\/p>\n<p>(iii) \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443. <em>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0451 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>================================================================<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u041c\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 1999, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 1, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1.3.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.917\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\left|\\sum_{k=1}^{n} 3^{k}\\bigl(f(x+ky)-f(x-ky)\\bigr)\\right|\\le 1\" alt=\"\\left|\\sum_{k=1}^{n} 3^{k}\\bigl(f(x+ky)-f(x-ky)\\bigr)\\right|\\le 1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3d\/3d4\/3d412f282159664bbc69980a4450d545.svg\" width=\"272\" height=\"48\" data-width=\"34.993\" data-height=\"6.858\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.864\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3d\/3d4\/3d412f282159664bbc69980a4450d545.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3d\/3d4\/3d412f282159664bbc69980a4450d545.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\\in\\mathbb{N}\" alt=\"n\\in\\mathbb{N}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d8\/d8f\/d8f14f3ca822e2e1e0a747981bf63a9a.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.757\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d8\/d8f\/d8f14f3ca822e2e1e0a747981bf63a9a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d8\/d8f\/d8f14f3ca822e2e1e0a747981bf63a9a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x,y\\in\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"x,y\\in\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eeb\/eeb52430b25a79300a8c149dac3a2ea7.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.808\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eeb\/eeb52430b25a79300a8c149dac3a2ea7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eeb\/eeb52430b25a79300a8c149dac3a2ea7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430 (\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0442).<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"3^k\" alt=\"3^k\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c40\/c40ad22eb2dcc7c64f22ca55a5f872b9.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.152\" data-height=\"2.094\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.05\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c40\/c40ad22eb2dcc7c64f22ca55a5f872b9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c40\/c40ad22eb2dcc7c64f22ca55a5f872b9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 <em>\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445<\/em> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.357\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. <\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"S_n\" alt=\"S_n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/88e\/88e99f0b764d313c50a5f4fdd8a7947e.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"2.535\" data-height=\"1.952\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.357\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/88e\/88e99f0b764d313c50a5f4fdd8a7947e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/88e\/88e99f0b764d313c50a5f4fdd8a7947e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"S_{n-1}\" alt=\"S_{n-1}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba1\/ba19189f7cb45e02e726761c340ad8d6.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.579\" data-height=\"2.066\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.471\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba1\/ba19189f7cb45e02e726761c340ad8d6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba1\/ba19189f7cb45e02e726761c340ad8d6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"3^n a_n\" alt=\"3^n a_n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a38\/a3834eb7b452d17a3386e0fb0cc3748a.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"4.623\" data-height=\"1.998\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.357\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a38\/a3834eb7b452d17a3386e0fb0cc3748a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a38\/a3834eb7b452d17a3386e0fb0cc3748a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a_n=f(x+ny)-f(x-ny)\" alt=\"a_n=f(x+ny)-f(x-ny)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cb\/cb4\/cb48edd6d2933f98f702cd79fd3ab2b8.svg\" width=\"216\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"27.188\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cb\/cb4\/cb48edd6d2933f98f702cd79fd3ab2b8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cb\/cb4\/cb48edd6d2933f98f702cd79fd3ab2b8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"2\/3^n\" alt=\"2\/3^n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a36\/a36d987d4027fcd8ed90c65cf8805bd8.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.541\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a36\/a36d987d4027fcd8ed90c65cf8805bd8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a36\/a36d987d4027fcd8ed90c65cf8805bd8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. <\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x+ny\" alt=\"x+ny\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3c\/3c2\/3c20bc653e914363d179f0cfee7adf5a.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"6.526\" data-height=\"1.783\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3c\/3c2\/3c20bc653e914363d179f0cfee7adf5a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3c\/3c2\/3c20bc653e914363d179f0cfee7adf5a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x-ny\" alt=\"x-ny\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7a\/7a1\/7a16a9e7f782a3a6f28e089ff79a56a4.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"6.526\" data-height=\"1.783\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7a\/7a1\/7a16a9e7f782a3a6f28e089ff79a56a4.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7a\/7a1\/7a16a9e7f782a3a6f28e089ff79a56a4.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0435 <em>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/em> \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u,v\" alt=\"u,v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.397\" data-height=\"1.441\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|f(u)-f(v)|\\le 2\/3^n\\to 0\" alt=\"|f(u)-f(v)|\\le 2\/3^n\\to 0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9c5\/9c563ad9016d277ecf492517e02b882d.svg\" width=\"192\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"24.633\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9c5\/9c563ad9016d277ecf492517e02b882d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9c5\/9c563ad9016d277ecf492517e02b882d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 1 (\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435).<\/em> \u041e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"a_k=f(x+ky)-f(x-ky),\\qquad S_n=\\sum_{k=1}^{n}3^k a_k.\" alt=\"a_k=f(x+ky)-f(x-ky),\\qquad S_n=\\sum_{k=1}^{n}3^k a_k.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/27\/27a\/27a2ab08018be18c0c722ef852c9f941.svg\" width=\"368\" height=\"48\" data-width=\"46.43\" data-height=\"6.399\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.634\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/27\/27a\/27a2ab08018be18c0c722ef852c9f941.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/27\/27a\/27a2ab08018be18c0c722ef852c9f941.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|S_n|\\le 1\" alt=\"|S_n|\\le 1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9f\/9fb\/9fbbd3e26948aad353bbb59a9117b633.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.941\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9f\/9fb\/9fbbd3e26948aad353bbb59a9117b633.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9f\/9fb\/9fbbd3e26948aad353bbb59a9117b633.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.357\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\\ge 1\" alt=\"n\\ge 1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1d\/1d0\/1d0fe3ad28ed27546808efeec5c626a9.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.506\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1d\/1d0\/1d0fe3ad28ed27546808efeec5c626a9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1d\/1d0\/1d0fe3ad28ed27546808efeec5c626a9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"|3^n a_n|=|S_n-S_{n-1}|\\le |S_n|+|S_{n-1}|\\le 2,\" alt=\"|3^n a_n|=|S_n-S_{n-1}|\\le |S_n|+|S_{n-1}|\\le 2,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/314\/3149624a4b046c86ecf669cd4c848d7a.svg\" width=\"320\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"40.225\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/314\/3149624a4b046c86ecf669cd4c848d7a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/314\/3149624a4b046c86ecf669cd4c848d7a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\boxed{\\,|a_n|=|f(x+ny)-f(x-ny)|\\le \\dfrac{2}{3^n}\\,}\\qquad(\\forall\\,x,y\\in\\mathbb{R},\\ \\forall n).\" alt=\"\\boxed{\\,|a_n|=|f(x+ny)-f(x-ny)|\\le \\dfrac{2}{3^n}\\,}\\qquad(\\forall\\,x,y\\in\\mathbb{R},\\ \\forall n).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a4\/a45\/a45b8284466dec6ec284689f230c71f2.svg\" width=\"464\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"58.504\" data-height=\"5.846\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.357\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a4\/a45\/a45b8284466dec6ec284689f230c71f2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a4\/a45\/a45b8284466dec6ec284689f230c71f2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 2.1.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c7f\/fdc\/970\/c7ffdc970c1f5ea473471c809454aee9.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.2.1.\" width=\"505\" height=\"250\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c7f\/fdc\/970\/c7ffdc970c1f5ea473471c809454aee9.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c7f\/fdc\/970\/c7ffdc970c1f5ea473471c809454aee9.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.2.1.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 2.1.<\/strong> \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|a_n|\\le 2\/3^n\" alt=\"|a_n|\\le 2\/3^n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/17\/170\/170c21cdac94c753214fa7c277b7c2aa.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.161\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/17\/170\/170c21cdac94c753214fa7c277b7c2aa.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/17\/170\/170c21cdac94c753214fa7c277b7c2aa.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f). \u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/> \u00ab\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 2 (\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430: \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0451\u043c <em>\u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435<\/em> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u,v\\in\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"u,v\\in\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/12\/121\/1211470b746abd969619ca0f2b929716.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.797\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/12\/121\/1211470b746abd969619ca0f2b929716.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/12\/121\/1211470b746abd969619ca0f2b929716.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x,y\" alt=\"x,y\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10bc3c94b77e1d6b9f98106daf335c1.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.409\" data-height=\"1.464\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10bc3c94b77e1d6b9f98106daf335c1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10bc3c94b77e1d6b9f98106daf335c1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x+ny=u\" alt=\"x+ny=u\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/844\/8443f3d11750d87e4372b0d9864e31d8.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"10.837\" data-height=\"1.783\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/844\/8443f3d11750d87e4372b0d9864e31d8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/844\/8443f3d11750d87e4372b0d9864e31d8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x-ny=v\" alt=\"x-ny=v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a97\/a97bac3d711fd0001d36c3a4cc5e49a7.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"10.64\" data-height=\"1.783\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a97\/a97bac3d711fd0001d36c3a4cc5e49a7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a97\/a97bac3d711fd0001d36c3a4cc5e49a7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"x=\\frac{u+v}{2},\\qquad y=\\frac{u-v}{2n}.\" alt=\"x=\\frac{u+v}{2},\\qquad y=\\frac{u-v}{2n}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/319\/31973d6da6715e09681e7fbc4dd29e18.svg\" width=\"208\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"26.902\" data-height=\"4.425\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.647\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/319\/31973d6da6715e09681e7fbc4dd29e18.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/319\/31973d6da6715e09681e7fbc4dd29e18.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.357\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 2.2). \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430 1, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"|f(u)-f(v)|\\le \\frac{2}{3^n}\\qquad\\text{\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }n.\" alt=\"|f(u)-f(v)|\\le \\frac{2}{3^n}\\qquad\\text{\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }n.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b3\/7b387ed980e5ef0d7e7564fc7863eb0f.svg\" width=\"280\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"35.86\" data-height=\"4.638\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.753\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b3\/7b387ed980e5ef0d7e7564fc7863eb0f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b3\/7b387ed980e5ef0d7e7564fc7863eb0f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u,v\" alt=\"u,v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.397\" data-height=\"1.441\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e; \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\\to\\infty\" alt=\"n\\to\\infty\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e4\/9e4876601ed31f29df7cf71a15538506.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.139\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e4\/9e4876601ed31f29df7cf71a15538506.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e4\/9e4876601ed31f29df7cf71a15538506.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(u)=f(v)\" alt=\"f(u)=f(v)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/22\/228\/228dc649b0c255741357df441623785a.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.418\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/22\/228\/228dc649b0c255741357df441623785a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/22\/228\/228dc649b0c255741357df441623785a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u,v\" alt=\"u,v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.397\" data-height=\"1.441\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430. \u220e<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b2a\/5eb\/fb1\/b2a5ebfb1622114e2142fbe8e5249638.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.2.2.\" width=\"481\" height=\"152\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b2a\/5eb\/fb1\/b2a5ebfb1622114e2142fbe8e5249638.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/b2a\/5eb\/fb1\/b2a5ebfb1622114e2142fbe8e5249638.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.2.2.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 2.2.<\/strong> \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u\" alt=\"u\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"v\" alt=\"v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.097\" data-height=\"1.027\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0433 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y=\\tfrac{u-v}{2n}\" alt=\"y=\\tfrac{u-v}{2n}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1c\/1cf\/1cfaab058d9db962a227c5f3015b7bd6.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.057\" data-height=\"2.631\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.75\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1c\/1cf\/1cfaab058d9db962a227c5f3015b7bd6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1c\/1cf\/1cfaab058d9db962a227c5f3015b7bd6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.357\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\\pm ky\" alt=\"x\\pm ky\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4a\/4a8\/4a808070fee581430e9811a635212c58.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.347\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4a\/4a8\/4a808070fee581430e9811a635212c58.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4a\/4a8\/4a808070fee581430e9811a635212c58.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u\" alt=\"u\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"v\" alt=\"v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.097\" data-height=\"1.027\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"2\/3^n\" alt=\"2\/3^n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a36\/a36d987d4027fcd8ed90c65cf8805bd8.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.541\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a36\/a36d987d4027fcd8ed90c65cf8805bd8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a36\/a36d987d4027fcd8ed90c65cf8805bd8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|f(u)-f(v)|\" alt=\"|f(u)-f(v)|\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/15\/154\/15447c87a17c111770cf3f878ea6bcee.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.424\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/15\/154\/15447c87a17c111770cf3f878ea6bcee.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/15\/154\/15447c87a17c111770cf3f878ea6bcee.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.357\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u00bb <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"3^k\" alt=\"3^k\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c40\/c40ad22eb2dcc7c64f22ca55a5f872b9.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.152\" data-height=\"2.094\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.05\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c40\/c40ad22eb2dcc7c64f22ca55a5f872b9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c40\/c40ad22eb2dcc7c64f22ca55a5f872b9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0433: \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <em>\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445<\/em> \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"S_n\" alt=\"S_n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/88e\/88e99f0b764d313c50a5f4fdd8a7947e.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"2.535\" data-height=\"1.952\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.357\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/88e\/88e99f0b764d313c50a5f4fdd8a7947e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/88e\/88e99f0b764d313c50a5f4fdd8a7947e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.357\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>-\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"2\/3^n\" alt=\"2\/3^n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a36\/a36d987d4027fcd8ed90c65cf8805bd8.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.541\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a36\/a36d987d4027fcd8ed90c65cf8805bd8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a3\/a36\/a36d987d4027fcd8ed90c65cf8805bd8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0410 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x,y\" alt=\"x,y\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10bc3c94b77e1d6b9f98106daf335c1.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.409\" data-height=\"1.464\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10bc3c94b77e1d6b9f98106daf335c1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10bc3c94b77e1d6b9f98106daf335c1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u,v\" alt=\"u,v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.397\" data-height=\"1.441\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/703\/703f259d2f1a609d112d61c642e0f17d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|f(u)-f(v)|\\le 2\/3^n\\to 0\" alt=\"|f(u)-f(v)|\\le 2\/3^n\\to 0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9c5\/9c563ad9016d277ecf492517e02b882d.svg\" width=\"192\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"24.633\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9c5\/9c563ad9016d277ecf492517e02b882d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9c5\/9c563ad9016d277ecf492517e02b882d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>================================================================<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043a \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 2006, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 2, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 2.2.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.917\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a&lt;b\" alt=\"a&lt;b\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1a3\/1a382af93ed4b8a29ebd8e859a0168d7.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.185\" data-height=\"1.661\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.09\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1a3\/1a382af93ed4b8a29ebd8e859a0168d7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1a3\/1a382af93ed4b8a29ebd8e859a0168d7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f([a,b])\" alt=\"f([a,b])\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/352\/35256b20990a6951a685586e6f1e3971.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.436\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/352\/35256b20990a6951a685586e6f1e3971.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/352\/35256b20990a6951a685586e6f1e3971.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"b-a\" alt=\"b-a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"4.933\" data-height=\"1.756\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=x+c\" alt=\"f(x)=x+c\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0a\/0a8\/0a8961e462935f3a4035af5483909774.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.355\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0a\/0a8\/0a8961e462935f3a4035af5483909774.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0a\/0a8\/0a8961e462935f3a4035af5483909774.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=-x+c\" alt=\"f(x)=-x+c\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/035\/0350ccde921684d47b8e4544bbb21b97.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.115\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/035\/0350ccde921684d47b8e4544bbb21b97.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/035\/0350ccde921684d47b8e4544bbb21b97.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0433\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c\\in\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"c\\in\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/27\/27b\/27b158888ad28de51445a67fdcc16bbe.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.379\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/27\/27b\/27b158888ad28de51445a67fdcc16bbe.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/27\/27b\/27b158888ad28de51445a67fdcc16bbe.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>). <\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u00ab\u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u043c\u00bb.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c <em>\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/em>: \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"b-a\" alt=\"b-a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"4.933\" data-height=\"1.756\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0438\u043f\u0448\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u00ab\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"b-a\" alt=\"b-a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"4.933\" data-height=\"1.756\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>\u00bb \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0451\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f <em>\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u0445<\/em>, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u2014 <em>\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/em> \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 1 (\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0438\u043f\u0448\u0438\u0446\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\Rightarrow\" alt=\"\\Rightarrow\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.262\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(a)\" alt=\"f(a)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8a\/8a1\/8a17929730159dd1440a93e485de0a45.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.201\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8a\/8a1\/8a17929730159dd1440a93e485de0a45.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8a\/8a1\/8a17929730159dd1440a93e485de0a45.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(b)\" alt=\"f(b)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/48\/489\/4895f8fcb3242a56118a273c423518a3.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"3.975\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/48\/489\/4895f8fcb3242a56118a273c423518a3.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/48\/489\/4895f8fcb3242a56118a273c423518a3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f([a,b])\" alt=\"f([a,b])\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/352\/35256b20990a6951a685586e6f1e3971.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.436\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/352\/35256b20990a6951a685586e6f1e3971.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/352\/35256b20990a6951a685586e6f1e3971.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"b-a\" alt=\"b-a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"4.933\" data-height=\"1.756\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"|f(a)-f(b)|\\le b-a.\" alt=\"|f(a)-f(b)|\\le b-a.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4d\/4d5\/4d52aacbbc484584508e90f3691c4189.svg\" width=\"160\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"20.779\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4d\/4d5\/4d52aacbbc484584508e90f3691c4189.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4d\/4d5\/4d52aacbbc484584508e90f3691c4189.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a&lt;b\" alt=\"a&lt;b\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1a3\/1a382af93ed4b8a29ebd8e859a0168d7.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.185\" data-height=\"1.661\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.09\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1a3\/1a382af93ed4b8a29ebd8e859a0168d7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1a3\/1a382af93ed4b8a29ebd8e859a0168d7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x,y\" alt=\"x,y\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10bc3c94b77e1d6b9f98106daf335c1.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.409\" data-height=\"1.464\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10bc3c94b77e1d6b9f98106daf335c1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10bc3c94b77e1d6b9f98106daf335c1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|f(x)-f(y)|\\le|x-y|\" alt=\"|f(x)-f(y)|\\le|x-y|\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/924\/924e04da9da3025374634492e531c8bc.svg\" width=\"168\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"21.879\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/924\/924e04da9da3025374634492e531c8bc.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/924\/924e04da9da3025374634492e531c8bc.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0438\u043f\u0448\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0439 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/> (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 3.1). \u0418\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/368\/7df\/9e8\/3687df9e8a5ea874f5c66e025c516252.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.3.1.\" width=\"433\" height=\"340\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/368\/7df\/9e8\/3687df9e8a5ea874f5c66e025c516252.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/368\/7df\/9e8\/3687df9e8a5ea874f5c66e025c516252.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.3.1.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 3.1.<\/strong> \u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|f(x)-f(y)|\\le|x-y|\" alt=\"|f(x)-f(y)|\\le|x-y|\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/924\/924e04da9da3025374634492e531c8bc.svg\" width=\"168\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"21.879\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/924\/924e04da9da3025374634492e531c8bc.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/924\/924e04da9da3025374634492e531c8bc.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u00bb \u043e\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/> \u0434\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/> (\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c) \u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 2 (\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u2014 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u0445).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"[a,b]\" alt=\"[a,b]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.431\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"M\" alt=\"M\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/69\/696\/69691c7bdcc3ce6d5d8a1361f22d04ac.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"2.378\" data-height=\"1.545\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/69\/696\/69691c7bdcc3ce6d5d8a1361f22d04ac.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/69\/696\/69691c7bdcc3ce6d5d8a1361f22d04ac.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"p\" alt=\"p\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.138\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>) \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"m\" alt=\"m\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6f\/6f8\/6f8f57715090da2632453988d9a1501b.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.986\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6f\/6f8\/6f8f57715090da2632453988d9a1501b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6f\/6f8\/6f8f57715090da2632453988d9a1501b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q\" alt=\"q\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/76\/769\/7694f4a66316e53c8cdd9d9954bd611d.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.041\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/76\/769\/7694f4a66316e53c8cdd9d9954bd611d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/76\/769\/7694f4a66316e53c8cdd9d9954bd611d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>). \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f([a,b])=[m,M]\" alt=\"f([a,b])=[m,M]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/06\/063\/06381a3c52f1c1707f38aede5457cf65.svg\" width=\"136\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"17.081\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/06\/063\/06381a3c52f1c1707f38aede5457cf65.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/06\/063\/06381a3c52f1c1707f38aede5457cf65.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"M-m=b-a\" alt=\"M-m=b-a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a2\/a25\/a2591cb4bc5fc3f9b73edd3c762c35eb.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"15.08\" data-height=\"1.756\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a2\/a25\/a2591cb4bc5fc3f9b73edd3c762c35eb.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a2\/a25\/a2591cb4bc5fc3f9b73edd3c762c35eb.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"p\" alt=\"p\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.138\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q\" alt=\"q\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/76\/769\/7694f4a66316e53c8cdd9d9954bd611d.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.041\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/76\/769\/7694f4a66316e53c8cdd9d9954bd611d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/76\/769\/7694f4a66316e53c8cdd9d9954bd611d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f([p,q])\" alt=\"f([p,q])\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/68\/681\/681ecc86be45f3e14f9fb77ef54f6a47.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.447\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/68\/681\/681ecc86be45f3e14f9fb77ef54f6a47.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/68\/681\/681ecc86be45f3e14f9fb77ef54f6a47.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"[m,M]\" alt=\"[m,M]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba6\/ba6b57aa9a15f2ee4db420cc0f475d7b.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.628\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba6\/ba6b57aa9a15f2ee4db420cc0f475d7b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba6\/ba6b57aa9a15f2ee4db420cc0f475d7b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"M-m=b-a\" alt=\"M-m=b-a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a2\/a25\/a2591cb4bc5fc3f9b73edd3c762c35eb.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"15.08\" data-height=\"1.756\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a2\/a25\/a2591cb4bc5fc3f9b73edd3c762c35eb.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a2\/a25\/a2591cb4bc5fc3f9b73edd3c762c35eb.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0421 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"[p,q]\" alt=\"[p,q]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ae\/aed\/aed02bcd6f03b8ff0507b69f093e795a.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.443\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ae\/aed\/aed02bcd6f03b8ff0507b69f093e795a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ae\/aed\/aed02bcd6f03b8ff0507b69f093e795a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|p-q|\" alt=\"|p-q|\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/72\/724\/724578989ec625d6e85f7cea12249402.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.202\" data-height=\"2.26\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.564\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/72\/724\/724578989ec625d6e85f7cea12249402.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/72\/724\/724578989ec625d6e85f7cea12249402.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|p-q|=b-a\" alt=\"|p-q|=b-a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/37\/37c\/37c7348343304ecb0a34560d1e1bd58e.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.153\" data-height=\"2.26\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.564\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/37\/37c\/37c7348343304ecb0a34560d1e1bd58e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/37\/37c\/37c7348343304ecb0a34560d1e1bd58e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\{p,q\\}=\\{a,b\\}\" alt=\"\\{p,q\\}=\\{a,b\\}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b8\/b86\/b86f2f69f394b1779199b74e247effde.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.9\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b8\/b86\/b86f2f69f394b1779199b74e247effde.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b8\/b86\/b86f2f69f394b1779199b74e247effde.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u0445 (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 3.2). \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e,<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"|f(b)-f(a)|=M-m=b-a\\qquad\\text{\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }a&lt;b. \\qquad(\\ast)\" alt=\"|f(b)-f(a)|=M-m=b-a\\qquad\\text{\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }a&lt;b. \\qquad(\\ast)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/10\/10c\/10cbf77a53c483c9e500ebc745e1828b.svg\" width=\"472\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"59.063\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/10\/10c\/10cbf77a53c483c9e500ebc745e1828b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/10\/10c\/10cbf77a53c483c9e500ebc745e1828b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e5e\/c1b\/156\/e5ec1b1562888f8cdb16e54359658994.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.3.2.\" width=\"484\" height=\"344\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e5e\/c1b\/156\/e5ec1b1562888f8cdb16e54359658994.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/e5e\/c1b\/156\/e5ec1b1562888f8cdb16e54359658994.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.3.2.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 3.2.<\/strong> \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"[m,M]\" alt=\"[m,M]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba6\/ba6b57aa9a15f2ee4db420cc0f475d7b.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.628\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba6\/ba6b57aa9a15f2ee4db420cc0f475d7b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba6\/ba6b57aa9a15f2ee4db420cc0f475d7b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"b-a\" alt=\"b-a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"4.933\" data-height=\"1.756\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"[a,b]\" alt=\"[a,b]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.431\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u0445, \u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\pm1\" alt=\"\\pm1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/af6\/af6de3ef393b4f48057f5b14b797ac07.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.891\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/af6\/af6de3ef393b4f48057f5b14b797ac07.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/af6\/af6de3ef393b4f48057f5b14b797ac07.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> <\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 3 (\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(\\ast)\" alt=\"(\\ast)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4a\/4aa\/4aaffb3a73cabce99dc5492c5a36b303.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.891\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4a\/4aa\/4aaffb3a73cabce99dc5492c5a36b303.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4a\/4aa\/4aaffb3a73cabce99dc5492c5a36b303.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442: \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a&lt;b\" alt=\"a&lt;b\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1a3\/1a382af93ed4b8a29ebd8e859a0168d7.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.185\" data-height=\"1.661\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.09\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1a3\/1a382af93ed4b8a29ebd8e859a0168d7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1a3\/1a382af93ed4b8a29ebd8e859a0168d7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(b)-f(a)\" alt=\"f(b)-f(a)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3f\/3f3\/3f36ad913ad8ffae1bc263421ba4e18a.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.942\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3f\/3f3\/3f36ad913ad8ffae1bc263421ba4e18a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3f\/3f3\/3f36ad913ad8ffae1bc263421ba4e18a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"+(b-a)\" alt=\"+(b-a)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/848\/848bc825d89a369b16fbb79b73a3d3cd.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.453\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/848\/848bc825d89a369b16fbb79b73a3d3cd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/848\/848bc825d89a369b16fbb79b73a3d3cd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"-(b-a)\" alt=\"-(b-a)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d4\/d4c\/d4c236df12e1cc5fd79d7818b3286cff.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.453\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d4\/d4c\/d4c236df12e1cc5fd79d7818b3286cff.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d4\/d4c\/d4c236df12e1cc5fd79d7818b3286cff.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\pm1\" alt=\"\\pm1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/af6\/af6de3ef393b4f48057f5b14b797ac07.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.891\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/af6\/af6de3ef393b4f48057f5b14b797ac07.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/af6\/af6de3ef393b4f48057f5b14b797ac07.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f\u00bb, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e: \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b <em>\u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e<\/em>, \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439\u00bb \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 <em>\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/em>. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0451\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x&lt;y&lt;z\" alt=\"x&lt;y&lt;z\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0f\/0f9\/0f914ee730e35dda79e99b19d2ab0075.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"9.489\" data-height=\"1.686\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0f\/0f9\/0f914ee730e35dda79e99b19d2ab0075.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0f\/0f9\/0f914ee730e35dda79e99b19d2ab0075.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"s_1,s_2,s_3\\in\\{+1,-1\\}\" alt=\"s_1,s_2,s_3\\in\\{+1,-1\\}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/333\/3335c0b36df0cc39d53a161bed3dd220.svg\" width=\"152\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"19.976\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/333\/3335c0b36df0cc39d53a161bed3dd220.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/333\/3335c0b36df0cc39d53a161bed3dd220.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(y)-f(x)=s_1(y-x),\\quad f(z)-f(y)=s_2(z-y),\\quad f(z)-f(x)=s_3(z-x).\" alt=\"f(y)-f(x)=s_1(y-x),\\quad f(z)-f(y)=s_2(z-y),\\quad f(z)-f(x)=s_3(z-x).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/42\/42f\/42f77f208052afa75e4e9fe1e2ca0e8c.svg\" width=\"608\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"76.084\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/42\/42f\/42f77f208052afa75e4e9fe1e2ca0e8c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/42\/42f\/42f77f208052afa75e4e9fe1e2ca0e8c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(z)-f(x)=s_1(y-x)+s_2(z-y)\" alt=\"f(z)-f(x)=s_1(y-x)+s_2(z-y)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/78\/787\/787b3a2ae71258ea7a8a7d3b8f1dcde7.svg\" width=\"272\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"34.616\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/78\/787\/787b3a2ae71258ea7a8a7d3b8f1dcde7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/78\/787\/787b3a2ae71258ea7a8a7d3b8f1dcde7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c,<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"s_3(z-x)=s_1(y-x)+s_2(z-y).\" alt=\"s_3(z-x)=s_1(y-x)+s_2(z-y).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/52\/52f\/52f4ec747c581fd47917b149be4104ff.svg\" width=\"264\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"33.045\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/52\/52f\/52f4ec747c581fd47917b149be4104ff.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/52\/52f\/52f4ec747c581fd47917b149be4104ff.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"z-x=(y-x)+(z-y)\" alt=\"z-x=(y-x)+(z-y)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c46\/c462c63f2e9a2be6248977c5ef7ceaf1.svg\" width=\"192\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"24.51\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c46\/c462c63f2e9a2be6248977c5ef7ceaf1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c46\/c462c63f2e9a2be6248977c5ef7ceaf1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e (\u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c) \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"s_1=s_2\" alt=\"s_1=s_2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f88\/f8893f86e0cfef25bc23d23d7be926a9.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"7.115\" data-height=\"1.658\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.339\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f88\/f8893f86e0cfef25bc23d23d7be926a9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f88\/f8893f86e0cfef25bc23d23d7be926a9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"s_3=s_1\" alt=\"s_3=s_1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8db\/8db88506ce954f5a9f733a2d936ccb58.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"7.115\" data-height=\"1.694\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.375\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8db\/8db88506ce954f5a9f733a2d936ccb58.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8db\/8db88506ce954f5a9f733a2d936ccb58.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <em>\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435<\/em> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/>, \u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)-x\" alt=\"f(x)-x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e3\/e3f\/e3fc3a4f950e684678b3f3d267cd65f5.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.358\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e3\/e3f\/e3fc3a4f950e684678b3f3d267cd65f5.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e3\/e3f\/e3fc3a4f950e684678b3f3d267cd65f5.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=x+c\" alt=\"f(x)=x+c\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0a\/0a8\/0a8961e462935f3a4035af5483909774.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.355\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0a\/0a8\/0a8961e462935f3a4035af5483909774.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0a\/0a8\/0a8961e462935f3a4035af5483909774.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/>, \u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=-x+c\" alt=\"f(x)=-x+c\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/035\/0350ccde921684d47b8e4544bbb21b97.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.115\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/035\/0350ccde921684d47b8e4544bbb21b97.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/035\/0350ccde921684d47b8e4544bbb21b97.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u220e<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f.<\/strong> \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (\u041b\u0438\u043f\u0448\u0438\u0446), \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u2014 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044e <em>\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/em> \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u2014 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430: \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438!), \u0430 <em>\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435<\/em> \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"s_3(z-x)=s_1(y-x)+s_2(z-y)\" alt=\"s_3(z-x)=s_1(y-x)+s_2(z-y)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/15\/157\/157faf8587298a14430fb0ead4d94644.svg\" width=\"256\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"32.416\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/15\/157\/157faf8587298a14430fb0ead4d94644.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/15\/157\/157faf8587298a14430fb0ead4d94644.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"s_1=s_2=s_3\" alt=\"s_1=s_2=s_3\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b15\/b15540d13de5a519f90f73c38e287db3.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"12.18\" data-height=\"1.694\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.375\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b15\/b15540d13de5a519f90f73c38e287db3.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b15\/b15540d13de5a519f90f73c38e287db3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>================================================================<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435: <\/h4>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 2023, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 1, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1.1.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.917\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(7x+1)=49\\,f(x)\\qquad\\text{\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }x\\in\\mathbb{R}.\" alt=\"f(7x+1)=49\\,f(x)\\qquad\\text{\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }x\\in\\mathbb{R}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fc\/fc5\/fc501095f00fe1081bc67ac0700b22dd.svg\" width=\"320\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"40.764\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fc\/fc5\/fc501095f00fe1081bc67ac0700b22dd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fc\/fc5\/fc501095f00fe1081bc67ac0700b22dd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=c\\left(x+\\tfrac16\\right)^2\" alt=\"f(x)=c\\left(x+\\tfrac16\\right)^2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6c\/6c3\/6c3a2c8d87418e703634089c7b1fab39.svg\" width=\"136\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"17.211\" data-height=\"3.221\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.045\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6c\/6c3\/6c3a2c8d87418e703634089c7b1fab39.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6c\/6c3\/6c3a2c8d87418e703634089c7b1fab39.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c\\in\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"c\\in\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/27\/27b\/27b158888ad28de51445a67fdcc16bbe.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.379\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/27\/27b\/27b158888ad28de51445a67fdcc16bbe.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/27\/27b\/27b158888ad28de51445a67fdcc16bbe.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f 1.<\/strong> \u0423\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"7x+1\" alt=\"7x+1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/17\/17d\/17d47f5e44dfbee83dc1136b15daa8c0.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"6.322\" data-height=\"1.715\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/17\/17d\/17d47f5e44dfbee83dc1136b15daa8c0.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/17\/17d\/17d47f5e44dfbee83dc1136b15daa8c0.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; <\/p>\n<p>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e <em>\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b<\/em>, \u043c\u044b \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043c\u00bb \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f''\" alt=\"f''\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/78\/78b\/78b6da7ea43e85631a1b96523b7066ea.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.432\" data-height=\"2.294\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/78\/78b\/78b6da7ea43e85631a1b96523b7066ea.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/78\/78b\/78b6da7ea43e85631a1b96523b7066ea.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f 2.<\/strong> \u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x -&gt; 7*x + 1\" alt=\"x -&gt; 7*x + 1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/33f\/33f94850727656f0fb68cd452ddd489a.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"14.53\" data-height=\"1.715\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/33f\/33f94850727656f0fb68cd452ddd489a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/33f\/33f94850727656f0fb68cd452ddd489a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x_\\ast=-\\tfrac16\" alt=\"x_\\ast=-\\tfrac16\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.854\" data-height=\"2.773\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0421\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442 (\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g(u)=f(x_\\ast+u)\" alt=\"g(u)=f(x_\\ast+u)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ad\/ad7\/ad7afd222bd0cd7a9360a8113fe9e746.svg\" width=\"128\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"16.497\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ad\/ad7\/ad7afd222bd0cd7a9360a8113fe9e746.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ad\/ad7\/ad7afd222bd0cd7a9360a8113fe9e746.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>) \u2014 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g(7u)=49\\,g(u)\" alt=\"g(7u)=49\\,g(u)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/79a\/79ac3477bbe5b80756a8bdecd7c7c14d.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.056\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/79a\/79ac3477bbe5b80756a8bdecd7c7c14d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/79a\/79ac3477bbe5b80756a8bdecd7c7c14d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 1 (\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x_\\ast=7x_\\ast+1\" alt=\"x_\\ast=7x_\\ast+1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/34\/34b\/34b556aed80361408815a6178eabaedb.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.609\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/34\/34b\/34b556aed80361408815a6178eabaedb.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/34\/34b\/34b556aed80361408815a6178eabaedb.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x_\\ast=-\\tfrac16\" alt=\"x_\\ast=-\\tfrac16\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.854\" data-height=\"2.773\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"g(u)=f\\!\\left(-\\tfrac16+u\\right),\\qquad\\text{\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e } f(x)=g\\!\\left(x+\\tfrac16\\right).\" alt=\"g(u)=f\\!\\left(-\\tfrac16+u\\right),\\qquad\\text{\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e } f(x)=g\\!\\left(x+\\tfrac16\\right).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/16\/164\/164a4878aee560fa691a706f7149f240.svg\" width=\"392\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"49.84\" data-height=\"2.773\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/16\/164\/164a4878aee560fa691a706f7149f240.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/16\/164\/164a4878aee560fa691a706f7149f240.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=-\\tfrac16+u\" alt=\"x=-\\tfrac16+u\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0f\/0f8\/0f8e0dbb8937d61c77e1b897d0a2530a.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.927\" data-height=\"2.773\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0f\/0f8\/0f8e0dbb8937d61c77e1b897d0a2530a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0f\/0f8\/0f8e0dbb8937d61c77e1b897d0a2530a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. <\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"7x+1=7(-\\tfrac16+u)+1=-\\tfrac16+7u\" alt=\"7x+1=7(-\\tfrac16+u)+1=-\\tfrac16+7u\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bd\/bd2\/bd26971270c6eb60a0d9df746ee89bf5.svg\" width=\"280\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"35.507\" data-height=\"2.773\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bd\/bd2\/bd26971270c6eb60a0d9df746ee89bf5.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bd\/bd2\/bd26971270c6eb60a0d9df746ee89bf5.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(7x+1)=g(7u),\\qquad 49f(x)=49\\,g(u)\\ \\Longrightarrow\\ \\boxed{\\,g(7u)=49\\,g(u)\\,}\\quad(\\forall u).\" alt=\"f(7x+1)=g(7u),\\qquad 49f(x)=49\\,g(u)\\ \\Longrightarrow\\ \\boxed{\\,g(7u)=49\\,g(u)\\,}\\quad(\\forall u).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0e\/0e5\/0e5928b500e009a7fa255731a52cb92d.svg\" width=\"552\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"69.808\" data-height=\"3.471\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.17\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0e\/0e5\/0e5928b500e009a7fa255731a52cb92d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0e\/0e5\/0e5928b500e009a7fa255731a52cb92d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u,\\ u\/7,\\ u\/49,\\dots\" alt=\"u,\\ u\/7,\\ u\/49,\\dots\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/49\/494\/494edc0f11d9b270ecff296f68ea0086.svg\" width=\"128\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"16.339\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/49\/494\/494edc0f11d9b270ecff296f68ea0086.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/49\/494\/494edc0f11d9b270ecff296f68ea0086.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 4.1) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/254\/d64\/b86\/254d64b86b5fb4fd21ffeebfec2c5adf.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.4.1.\" width=\"512\" height=\"135\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/254\/d64\/b86\/254d64b86b5fb4fd21ffeebfec2c5adf.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/254\/d64\/b86\/254d64b86b5fb4fd21ffeebfec2c5adf.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.4.1.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 4.1.<\/strong> \u0412 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g(7u)=49g(u)\" alt=\"g(7u)=49g(u)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d8\/0d82db9bc91a5f96adf71af05ea78055.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.678\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d8\/0d82db9bc91a5f96adf71af05ea78055.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d8\/0d82db9bc91a5f96adf71af05ea78055.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0418\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u\\mapsto u\/7\" alt=\"u\\mapsto u\/7\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/790\/790935163a68a15b2586f3f60a0eb870.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.37\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/790\/790935163a68a15b2586f3f60a0eb870.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/790\/790935163a68a15b2586f3f60a0eb870.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439; \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g''\" alt=\"g''\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/85\/85c\/85cc5edc60e7445aefba96a39c4ac823.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.147\" data-height=\"2.294\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/85\/85c\/85cc5edc60e7445aefba96a39c4ac823.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/85\/85c\/85cc5edc60e7445aefba96a39c4ac823.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g''(0)\" alt=\"g''(0)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/35f\/35fd8a3994b7bea3d2b73aeea89d3a30.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.038\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/35f\/35fd8a3994b7bea3d2b73aeea89d3a30.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/35\/35f\/35fd8a3994b7bea3d2b73aeea89d3a30.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 2 (\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g(7u)=49g(u)\" alt=\"g(7u)=49g(u)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d8\/0d82db9bc91a5f96adf71af05ea78055.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.678\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d8\/0d82db9bc91a5f96adf71af05ea78055.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d8\/0d82db9bc91a5f96adf71af05ea78055.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u\" alt=\"u\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"7\\,g'(7u)=49\\,g'(u)\\ \\Rightarrow\\ g'(7u)=7\\,g'(u);\\qquad\\text{\u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u0437: } 7\\,g''(7u)=7\\,g''(u)\\ \\Rightarrow\\ g''(7u)=g''(u).\" alt=\"7\\,g'(7u)=49\\,g'(u)\\ \\Rightarrow\\ g'(7u)=7\\,g'(u);\\qquad\\text{\u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u0437: } 7\\,g''(7u)=7\\,g''(u)\\ \\Rightarrow\\ g''(7u)=g''(u).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7c\/7c2\/7c24340e9d06409ff092e7f797ed5163.svg\" width=\"720\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"90.485\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7c\/7c2\/7c24340e9d06409ff092e7f797ed5163.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7c\/7c2\/7c24340e9d06409ff092e7f797ed5163.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g''(7u)=g''(u)\" alt=\"g''(7u)=g''(u)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/33b\/33b0756a89e993d83ddf6e965d3e84f5.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.551\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/33b\/33b0756a89e993d83ddf6e965d3e84f5.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/33b\/33b0756a89e993d83ddf6e965d3e84f5.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g''(u)=g''(u\/7)=g''(u\/49)=\\dots=g''(u\/7^n)\" alt=\"g''(u)=g''(u\/7)=g''(u\/49)=\\dots=g''(u\/7^n)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/afd\/afdc6210ec5157e96188e9590696f756.svg\" width=\"352\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"44.591\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/afd\/afdc6210ec5157e96188e9590696f756.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/afd\/afdc6210ec5157e96188e9590696f756.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\" alt=\"n\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.357\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b8\/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n\\to\\infty\" alt=\"n\\to\\infty\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e4\/9e4876601ed31f29df7cf71a15538506.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.139\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e4\/9e4876601ed31f29df7cf71a15538506.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e4\/9e4876601ed31f29df7cf71a15538506.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f\u0441\u044c <em>\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e<\/em> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g''\" alt=\"g''\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/85\/85c\/85cc5edc60e7445aefba96a39c4ac823.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.147\" data-height=\"2.294\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/85\/85c\/85cc5edc60e7445aefba96a39c4ac823.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/85\/85c\/85cc5edc60e7445aefba96a39c4ac823.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"g''(u)=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}g''\\!\\left(\\tfrac{u}{7^n}\\right)=g''(0)=:2c\\quad(\\text{\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f}).\" alt=\"g''(u)=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}g''\\!\\left(\\tfrac{u}{7^n}\\right)=g''(0)=:2c\\quad(\\text{\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f}).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/647\/64797807b5d558c0b613a65a9aa7d042.svg\" width=\"408\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"51.619\" data-height=\"3.523\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.196\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/647\/64797807b5d558c0b613a65a9aa7d042.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/647\/64797807b5d558c0b613a65a9aa7d042.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 3 (\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g''\\equiv 2c\" alt=\"g''\\equiv 2c\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4c\/4cf\/4cf453cd8f2596077d8106f5740e7f6d.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.275\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4c\/4cf\/4cf453cd8f2596077d8106f5740e7f6d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4c\/4cf\/4cf453cd8f2596077d8106f5740e7f6d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g(u)=c\\,u^2+\\beta u+\\gamma\" alt=\"g(u)=c\\,u^2+\\beta u+\\gamma\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/be0\/be0f55ad15c5208d0472c79fd9ddf169.svg\" width=\"160\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"20.124\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.717\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/be0\/be0f55ad15c5208d0472c79fd9ddf169.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/be0\/be0f55ad15c5208d0472c79fd9ddf169.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g(7u)=49g(u)\" alt=\"g(7u)=49g(u)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d8\/0d82db9bc91a5f96adf71af05ea78055.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.678\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d8\/0d82db9bc91a5f96adf71af05ea78055.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d8\/0d82db9bc91a5f96adf71af05ea78055.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"c\\cdot 49u^2+7\\beta u+\\gamma = 49\\big(c\\,u^2+\\beta u+\\gamma\\big).\" alt=\"c\\cdot 49u^2+7\\beta u+\\gamma = 49\\big(c\\,u^2+\\beta u+\\gamma\\big).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1ad\/1ada74c548a8a0c9a7279053d50b0e79.svg\" width=\"304\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"38.579\" data-height=\"2.791\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.83\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1ad\/1ada74c548a8a0c9a7279053d50b0e79.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1a\/1ad\/1ada74c548a8a0c9a7279053d50b0e79.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b: \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u^1\" alt=\"u^1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/63d\/63db780cee3bd832158c5f06bfeb2134.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.282\" data-height=\"2.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/63d\/63db780cee3bd832158c5f06bfeb2134.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/63d\/63db780cee3bd832158c5f06bfeb2134.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"7\\beta=49\\beta\\Rightarrow\\beta=0\" alt=\"7\\beta=49\\beta\\Rightarrow\\beta=0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d3\/d3b\/d3b7d950f4b0a8544043f664c9ce44e6.svg\" width=\"136\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"17.92\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d3\/d3b\/d3b7d950f4b0a8544043f664c9ce44e6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d3\/d3b\/d3b7d950f4b0a8544043f664c9ce44e6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\gamma=49\\gamma\\Rightarrow\\gamma=0\" alt=\"\\gamma=49\\gamma\\Rightarrow\\gamma=0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/56\/565\/565e91386b1491d20fa3d43dda316a7e.svg\" width=\"128\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"16.633\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/56\/565\/565e91386b1491d20fa3d43dda316a7e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/56\/565\/565e91386b1491d20fa3d43dda316a7e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g(u)=c\\,u^2\" alt=\"g(u)=c\\,u^2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8b\/8ba\/8bab00b2c51e09e72d543cb39f01476d.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.79\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.717\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8b\/8ba\/8bab00b2c51e09e72d543cb39f01476d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8b\/8ba\/8bab00b2c51e09e72d543cb39f01476d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(x)=g\\!\\left(x+\\tfrac16\\right)=c\\left(x+\\tfrac16\\right)^2.\" alt=\"f(x)=g\\!\\left(x+\\tfrac16\\right)=c\\left(x+\\tfrac16\\right)^2.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a2\/a2d\/a2d804979cc998aaa92690b92f920b35.svg\" width=\"232\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"29.863\" data-height=\"3.221\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.045\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a2\/a2d\/a2d804979cc998aaa92690b92f920b35.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a2\/a2d\/a2d804979cc998aaa92690b92f920b35.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442. \u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430 <em>\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430<\/em> \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\\mapsto 7x+1\" alt=\"x\\mapsto 7x+1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/77\/770\/7706b31c664c2816c1b222f1b2be181c.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.136\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/77\/770\/7706b31c664c2816c1b222f1b2be181c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/77\/770\/7706b31c664c2816c1b222f1b2be181c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\times 49\" alt=\"\\times 49\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f2e\/f2ea223646c871cddb5d993d0e7f98fb.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.023\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f2e\/f2ea223646c871cddb5d993d0e7f98fb.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f2e\/f2ea223646c871cddb5d993d0e7f98fb.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u00bb (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 4.2). \u220e<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/d38\/81b\/3e8\/d3881b3e820438d97d9e407a91bdd9f6.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.4.2.\" width=\"524\" height=\"298\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/d38\/81b\/3e8\/d3881b3e820438d97d9e407a91bdd9f6.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/d38\/81b\/3e8\/d3881b3e820438d97d9e407a91bdd9f6.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.4.2.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 4.2.<\/strong> \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=c\\left(x+\\tfrac16\\right)^2\" alt=\"f(x)=c\\left(x+\\tfrac16\\right)^2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6c\/6c3\/6c3a2c8d87418e703634089c7b1fab39.svg\" width=\"136\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"17.211\" data-height=\"3.221\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.045\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6c\/6c3\/6c3a2c8d87418e703634089c7b1fab39.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6c\/6c3\/6c3a2c8d87418e703634089c7b1fab39.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x_\\ast=-\\tfrac16\" alt=\"x_\\ast=-\\tfrac16\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.854\" data-height=\"2.773\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\\mapsto 7x+1\" alt=\"x\\mapsto 7x+1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/77\/770\/7706b31c664c2816c1b222f1b2be181c.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.136\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/77\/770\/7706b31c664c2816c1b222f1b2be181c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/77\/770\/7706b31c664c2816c1b222f1b2be181c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u043f\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438) \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/> (\u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438) \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f: \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"P\" alt=\"P\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/44c\/44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.699\" data-height=\"1.545\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/44c\/44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/44c\/44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0435: <\/p>\n<p>(1) <em>\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/em>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/>\u00bb \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g''(7u)=g''(u)\" alt=\"g''(7u)=g''(u)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/33b\/33b0756a89e993d83ddf6e965d3e84f5.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.551\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/33b\/33b0756a89e993d83ddf6e965d3e84f5.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/33b\/33b0756a89e993d83ddf6e965d3e84f5.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; <\/p>\n<p>(2) <em>\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/em> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x_\\ast=-\\tfrac16\" alt=\"x_\\ast=-\\tfrac16\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.854\" data-height=\"2.773\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/33\/335\/3350d77fa4111b8641a49033757829dc.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e. \u0418\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u\\mapsto u\/7\" alt=\"u\\mapsto u\/7\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/790\/790935163a68a15b2586f3f60a0eb870.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.37\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/790\/790935163a68a15b2586f3f60a0eb870.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/790\/790935163a68a15b2586f3f60a0eb870.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g''\" alt=\"g''\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/85\/85c\/85cc5edc60e7445aefba96a39c4ac823.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.147\" data-height=\"2.294\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/85\/85c\/85cc5edc60e7445aefba96a39c4ac823.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/85\/85c\/85cc5edc60e7445aefba96a39c4ac823.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"g''\\equiv\\text{const}\" alt=\"g''\\equiv\\text{const}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d4\/d45\/d45e5638cc884f62c5798f4fd5c45e2d.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.329\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d4\/d45\/d45e5638cc884f62c5798f4fd5c45e2d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d4\/d45\/d45e5638cc884f62c5798f4fd5c45e2d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0443.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>%================================================================<\/p>\n<h4>5. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 2018, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 1, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1.4.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img class=\"formula inline\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(b)-f(a)=(b-a)\\,f'\\!\\big(\\sqrt{ab}\\big)\\qquad\\text{\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }a,b&gt;0.\" alt=\"f(b)-f(a)=(b-a)\\,f'\\!\\big(\\sqrt{ab}\\big)\\qquad\\text{\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }a,b&gt;0.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c2\/c2c\/c2c73655bbefa951000884666db3b2c0.svg\" width=\"408\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"51.923\" data-height=\"3.091\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.98\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c2\/c2c\/c2c73655bbefa951000884666db3b2c0.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c2\/c2c\/c2c73655bbefa951000884666db3b2c0.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=\\alpha x+\\beta+\\dfrac{\\gamma}{x}\" alt=\"f(x)=\\alpha x+\\beta+\\dfrac{\\gamma}{x}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d9\/d9a\/d9a444635661dc684547aa84aaa2db61.svg\" width=\"152\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"19.159\" data-height=\"4.104\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.486\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d9\/d9a\/d9a444635661dc684547aa84aaa2db61.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d9\/d9a\/d9a444635661dc684547aa84aaa2db61.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\alpha,\\beta,\\gamma\\in\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"\\alpha,\\beta,\\gamma\\in\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/baa\/baab8fd941a771924bdb34493e2dc03d.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.369\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/baa\/baab8fd941a771924bdb34493e2dc03d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/baa\/baab8fd941a771924bdb34493e2dc03d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0442\u043e\u00bb \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 <em>\u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435<\/em> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\sqrt{ab}\" alt=\"\\sqrt{ab}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.097\" data-height=\"2.866\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.867\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432 <em>\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435<\/em>. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=e^{t}\" alt=\"x=e^{t}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/659\/659325e8fef5067f73bef8e2193ccca8.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.131\" data-height=\"2.121\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/659\/659325e8fef5067f73bef8e2193ccca8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/659\/659325e8fef5067f73bef8e2193ccca8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h(t)=f(e^t)\" alt=\"h(t)=f(e^t)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/94\/948\/948b0c9d43166a0483ee4a2a3d7ae655.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.721\" data-height=\"2.501\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/94\/948\/948b0c9d43166a0483ee4a2a3d7ae655.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/94\/948\/948b0c9d43166a0483ee4a2a3d7ae655.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>) \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430) \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u041e\u0414\u0423. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f\u00bb \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h\" alt=\"h\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.303\" data-height=\"1.595\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 1 (\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=e^t\" alt=\"x=e^t\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/49\/49a\/49ae952f3a71fcdfece7d54d1cd0a166.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.131\" data-height=\"2.121\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/49\/49a\/49ae952f3a71fcdfece7d54d1cd0a166.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/49\/49a\/49ae952f3a71fcdfece7d54d1cd0a166.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>).<\/em> \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a=e^{s},\\ b=e^{t}\" alt=\"a=e^{s},\\ b=e^{t}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cb\/cbe\/cbe2a6cad1f61410bd59c33a7cc0d66f.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.585\" data-height=\"2.501\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.685\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cb\/cbe\/cbe2a6cad1f61410bd59c33a7cc0d66f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cb\/cbe\/cbe2a6cad1f61410bd59c33a7cc0d66f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h(t)=f(e^{t})\" alt=\"h(t)=f(e^{t})\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/42\/424\/424ef9f8cd01b35b2b03e5f9d6c8cd90.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.721\" data-height=\"2.501\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/42\/424\/424ef9f8cd01b35b2b03e5f9d6c8cd90.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/42\/424\/424ef9f8cd01b35b2b03e5f9d6c8cd90.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h'(t)=e^{t}f'(e^{t})\" alt=\"h'(t)=e^{t}f'(e^{t})\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a0\/a0c\/a0c6bfd0ea919e68fb021ce734b15aab.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.916\" data-height=\"2.501\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a0\/a0c\/a0c6bfd0ea919e68fb021ce734b15aab.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a0\/a0c\/a0c6bfd0ea919e68fb021ce734b15aab.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\sqrt{ab}=e^{(s+t)\/2}\" alt=\"\\sqrt{ab}=e^{(s+t)\/2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b8\/b8f\/b8f7c91b455653f02da9b3acaaa13fe9.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.773\" data-height=\"2.866\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.867\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b8\/b8f\/b8f7c91b455653f02da9b3acaaa13fe9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b8\/b8f\/b8f7c91b455653f02da9b3acaaa13fe9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"h(s)-h(t)=(e^{s}-e^{t})\\,f'\\!\\big(e^{(s+t)\/2}\\big).\" alt=\"h(s)-h(t)=(e^{s}-e^{t})\\,f'\\!\\big(e^{(s+t)\/2}\\big).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eea\/eeadfe3b4c7077ebe03b67bf271adb8b.svg\" width=\"264\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"33.478\" data-height=\"2.925\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.897\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eea\/eeadfe3b4c7077ebe03b67bf271adb8b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eea\/eeadfe3b4c7077ebe03b67bf271adb8b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f'(e^{(s+t)\/2})=e^{-(s+t)\/2}h'\\!\\big(\\tfrac{s+t}{2}\\big)\" alt=\"f'(e^{(s+t)\/2})=e^{-(s+t)\/2}h'\\!\\big(\\tfrac{s+t}{2}\\big)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/de\/dee\/dee71e0e5defbda3af48d08721cad504.svg\" width=\"224\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"28.525\" data-height=\"2.925\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.897\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/de\/dee\/dee71e0e5defbda3af48d08721cad504.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/de\/dee\/dee71e0e5defbda3af48d08721cad504.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(e^{s}-e^{t})e^{-(s+t)\/2}=e^{(s-t)\/2}-e^{-(s-t)\/2}=2\\sinh\\!\\tfrac{s-t}{2}\" alt=\"(e^{s}-e^{t})e^{-(s+t)\/2}=e^{(s-t)\/2}-e^{-(s-t)\/2}=2\\sinh\\!\\tfrac{s-t}{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bc\/bc5\/bc5a40e0e38bba7acc644bdf60b90712.svg\" width=\"384\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"48.716\" data-height=\"2.915\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.892\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bc\/bc5\/bc5a40e0e38bba7acc644bdf60b90712.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bc\/bc5\/bc5a40e0e38bba7acc644bdf60b90712.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"h(s)-h(t)=2\\sinh\\!\\Big(\\tfrac{s-t}{2}\\Big)\\,h'\\!\\Big(\\tfrac{s+t}{2}\\Big).\" alt=\"h(s)-h(t)=2\\sinh\\!\\Big(\\tfrac{s-t}{2}\\Big)\\,h'\\!\\Big(\\tfrac{s+t}{2}\\Big).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0e\/0e4\/0e4d32d5dfe3982b6e22e92386e98049.svg\" width=\"272\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"34.43\" data-height=\"4.07\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.469\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0e\/0e4\/0e4d32d5dfe3982b6e22e92386e98049.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0e\/0e4\/0e4d32d5dfe3982b6e22e92386e98049.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u=\\tfrac{s+t}{2},\\ v=\\tfrac{s-t}{2}\" alt=\"u=\\tfrac{s+t}{2},\\ v=\\tfrac{s-t}{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/443\/443c9c6749480718ad87b94e374c0f94.svg\" width=\"136\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"17.133\" data-height=\"2.682\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.776\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/443\/443c9c6749480718ad87b94e374c0f94.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/443\/443c9c6749480718ad87b94e374c0f94.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"s=u+v,\\ t=u-v\" alt=\"s=u+v,\\ t=u-v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/888\/88802f73af51bfabce215c558fd7ce89.svg\" width=\"152\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"19.798\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/888\/88802f73af51bfabce215c558fd7ce89.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/888\/88802f73af51bfabce215c558fd7ce89.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>) \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"\\boxed{\\,h(u+v)-h(u-v)=2\\sinh(v)\\,h'(u)\\,}\\qquad(\\forall u,v). \\qquad(\\star)\" alt=\"\\boxed{\\,h(u+v)-h(u-v)=2\\sinh(v)\\,h'(u)\\,}\\qquad(\\forall u,v). \\qquad(\\star)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b6a9c4b74f99a1e262f8d74ff70d3cb.svg\" width=\"456\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"57.315\" data-height=\"3.604\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.236\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b6a9c4b74f99a1e262f8d74ff70d3cb.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b6a9c4b74f99a1e262f8d74ff70d3cb.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c \u00ab\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u00bb \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 5.1.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/79d\/83c\/6da\/79d83c6da5ad5d3f6f3b3b2ff2b8c9a8.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.5.1\" width=\"553\" height=\"180\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/79d\/83c\/6da\/79d83c6da5ad5d3f6f3b3b2ff2b8c9a8.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/79d\/83c\/6da\/79d83c6da5ad5d3f6f3b3b2ff2b8c9a8.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.5.1<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 5.1.<\/strong> \u041b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\sqrt{ab}\" alt=\"\\sqrt{ab}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.097\" data-height=\"2.866\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.867\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a\" alt=\"a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0c\/0cc\/0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.197\" data-height=\"1.02\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.023\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0c\/0cc\/0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0c\/0cc\/0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"b\" alt=\"b\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/92e\/92eb5ffee6ae2fec3ad71c777531578f.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"0.971\" data-height=\"1.595\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/92e\/92eb5ffee6ae2fec3ad71c777531578f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/92e\/92eb5ffee6ae2fec3ad71c777531578f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>) \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432 <em>\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443<\/em> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\tfrac{\\ln a+\\ln b}{2}\" alt=\"\\tfrac{\\ln a+\\ln b}{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/79b\/79be6d70274130f830b46166016fa00f.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.974\" data-height=\"2.791\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.83\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/79b\/79be6d70274130f830b46166016fa00f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/79b\/79be6d70274130f830b46166016fa00f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=e^t\" alt=\"x=e^t\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/49\/49a\/49ae952f3a71fcdfece7d54d1cd0a166.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.131\" data-height=\"2.121\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/49\/49a\/49ae952f3a71fcdfece7d54d1cd0a166.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/49\/49a\/49ae952f3a71fcdfece7d54d1cd0a166.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 2 (\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(\\star)\" alt=\"(\\star)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.891\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"2\\sinh(v)h'(u)\" alt=\"2\\sinh(v)h'(u)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6f\/6fb\/6fbd264556807ff79410803571378f46.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.387\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6f\/6fb\/6fbd264556807ff79410803571378f46.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6f\/6fb\/6fbd264556807ff79410803571378f46.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430 (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f), \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h\" alt=\"h\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.303\" data-height=\"1.595\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h'\" alt=\"h'\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b8\/b86\/b86b0594d40397704d608adb70701c37.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.931\" data-height=\"1.855\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b8\/b86\/b86b0594d40397704d608adb70701c37.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b8\/b86\/b86b0594d40397704d608adb70701c37.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430; \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(\\star)\" alt=\"(\\star)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.891\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"v\\ne 0\" alt=\"v\\ne 0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7bf\/7bf4d5f379325dbc9f1b4d986c787b36.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.246\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7bf\/7bf4d5f379325dbc9f1b4d986c787b36.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7bf\/7bf4d5f379325dbc9f1b4d986c787b36.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"h'(u)=\\frac{h(u+v)-h(u-v)}{2\\sinh(v)},\" alt=\"h'(u)=\\frac{h(u+v)-h(u-v)}{2\\sinh(v)},\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6d\/6d8\/6d845d7126b54645ba2b74d5516ce555.svg\" width=\"224\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"28.833\" data-height=\"5.475\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.172\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6d\/6d8\/6d845d7126b54645ba2b74d5516ce555.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6d\/6d8\/6d845d7126b54645ba2b74d5516ce555.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u\" alt=\"u\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h\" alt=\"h\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.303\" data-height=\"1.595\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h\" alt=\"h\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.303\" data-height=\"1.595\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/251\/2510c39011c5be704182423e3a695e91.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> <em>\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u044f<\/em>. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(\\star)\" alt=\"(\\star)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.891\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 3 (\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043a \u041e\u0414\u0423).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(\\star)\" alt=\"(\\star)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.891\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"v\" alt=\"v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.097\" data-height=\"1.027\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"h'(u+v)+h'(u-v)=2\\cosh(v)\\,h'(u). \\qquad(\\star\\star)\" alt=\"h'(u+v)+h'(u-v)=2\\cosh(v)\\,h'(u). \\qquad(\\star\\star)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e3\/3e329a052dd3d792cf224b8647747d40.svg\" width=\"376\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"47.047\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e3\/3e329a052dd3d792cf224b8647747d40.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e3\/3e329a052dd3d792cf224b8647747d40.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(\\star\\star)\" alt=\"(\\star\\star)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/67d\/67d505713f968faac4d8b9469967b46d.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.023\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/67d\/67d505713f968faac4d8b9469967b46d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/67d\/67d505713f968faac4d8b9469967b46d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"v\" alt=\"v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.097\" data-height=\"1.027\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0435\u0449\u0451 <em>\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b<\/em> (\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430):<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"h'''(u+v)+h'''(u-v)=2\\cosh(v)\\,h'(u).\" alt=\"h'''(u+v)+h'''(u-v)=2\\cosh(v)\\,h'(u).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7a\/7ae\/7aebcb980b8cb77e1b345efb58fd411c.svg\" width=\"312\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"39.882\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7a\/7ae\/7aebcb980b8cb77e1b345efb58fd411c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7a\/7ae\/7aebcb980b8cb77e1b345efb58fd411c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"v=0\" alt=\"v=0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a4\/a4f\/a4f0a23c50a330cf1bf56cae6c33a893.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.246\" data-height=\"1.692\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a4\/a4f\/a4f0a23c50a330cf1bf56cae6c33a893.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a4\/a4f\/a4f0a23c50a330cf1bf56cae6c33a893.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"2\\,h'''(u)=2\\,h'(u)\" alt=\"2\\,h'''(u)=2\\,h'(u)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8e\/8e8\/8e841d0f34b7e7d5ee7830be0b947c21.svg\" width=\"128\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"16.885\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8e\/8e8\/8e841d0f34b7e7d5ee7830be0b947c21.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8e\/8e8\/8e841d0f34b7e7d5ee7830be0b947c21.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"h'''(u)=h'(u),\\qquad\\text{\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f}\\qquad (h')''=h'.\" alt=\"h'''(u)=h'(u),\\qquad\\text{\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f}\\qquad (h')''=h'.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/10\/104\/104077ff32ce8a313c696f6284a48745.svg\" width=\"392\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"49.757\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/10\/104\/104077ff32ce8a313c696f6284a48745.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/10\/104\/104077ff32ce8a313c696f6284a48745.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h'(u)=Pe^{u}+Qe^{-u}\" alt=\"h'(u)=Pe^{u}+Qe^{-u}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/91\/91a\/91ad39dbd7cd81352991048b52a500b5.svg\" width=\"152\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"19.816\" data-height=\"2.433\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/91\/91a\/91ad39dbd7cd81352991048b52a500b5.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/91\/91a\/91ad39dbd7cd81352991048b52a500b5.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"h(u)=A\\,e^{u}+B\\,e^{-u}+C.\" alt=\"h(u)=A\\,e^{u}+B\\,e^{-u}+C.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f3\/f3c\/f3c726c69e0a924a2d0622a24e083a4e.svg\" width=\"192\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"24.983\" data-height=\"2.433\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.651\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f3\/f3c\/f3c726c69e0a924a2d0622a24e083a4e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f3\/f3c\/f3c726c69e0a924a2d0622a24e083a4e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 4 (\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430).<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h(u)=f(e^{u})\" alt=\"h(u)=f(e^{u})\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eed\/eed703c0c44d0f97d49525090257911d.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.536\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eed\/eed703c0c44d0f97d49525090257911d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eed\/eed703c0c44d0f97d49525090257911d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=e^{u}\" alt=\"x=e^{u}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c3\/c32\/c322942db1d7a2f995888d11f6d50f53.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"6.468\" data-height=\"1.827\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c3\/c32\/c322942db1d7a2f995888d11f6d50f53.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c3\/c32\/c322942db1d7a2f995888d11f6d50f53.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"e^{-u}=1\/x\" alt=\"e^{-u}=1\/x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ec\/ec1\/ec1bc6bc3f2fb45775b03aeea95c0299.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.975\" data-height=\"2.433\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ec\/ec1\/ec1bc6bc3f2fb45775b03aeea95c0299.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ec\/ec1\/ec1bc6bc3f2fb45775b03aeea95c0299.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>):<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(x)=A\\,x+\\frac{B}{x}+C.\" alt=\"f(x)=A\\,x+\\frac{B}{x}+C.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c9\/c91\/c91ecde20f53b7f4cb28391812d15bb1.svg\" width=\"168\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"21.277\" data-height=\"4.652\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.76\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c9\/c91\/c91ecde20f53b7f4cb28391812d15bb1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c9\/c91\/c91ecde20f53b7f4cb28391812d15bb1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u00ab\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x,\\ 1\/x,\\ 1\" alt=\"x,\\ 1\/x,\\ 1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c1\/c14\/c14506d092bc75dbe3087ef0b5b5e7e9.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.125\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c1\/c14\/c14506d092bc75dbe3087ef0b5b5e7e9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c1\/c14\/c14506d092bc75dbe3087ef0b5b5e7e9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044e (\u0434\u043b\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u2014 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e; \u0434\u043b\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"1\/x\" alt=\"1\/x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/61\/61b\/61b98bb724d72e0b009c3f523c50cd82.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"3.557\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/61\/61b\/61b98bb724d72e0b009c3f523c50cd82.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/61\/61b\/61b98bb724d72e0b009c3f523c50cd82.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\tfrac1b-\\tfrac1a=(b-a)\\cdot(-\\tfrac{1}{ab})\" alt=\"\\tfrac1b-\\tfrac1a=(b-a)\\cdot(-\\tfrac{1}{ab})\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8db\/8dbab5d7babd5ac493375ed56ec82920.svg\" width=\"184\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"23.796\" data-height=\"2.755\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.812\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8db\/8dbab5d7babd5ac493375ed56ec82920.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8db\/8dbab5d7babd5ac493375ed56ec82920.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\sqrt{ab}^{\\,2}=ab\" alt=\"\\sqrt{ab}^{\\,2}=ab\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cd\/cd2\/cd2d2399203e4a2c54a5f3a7394eadb0.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"10.647\" data-height=\"3.314\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.091\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cd\/cd2\/cd2d2399203e4a2c54a5f3a7394eadb0.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cd\/cd2\/cd2d2399203e4a2c54a5f3a7394eadb0.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>). <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=\\alpha x+\\beta+\\gamma\/x\" alt=\"f(x)=\\alpha x+\\beta+\\gamma\/x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/94\/943\/9431a206d303ca2915e3b333cad91a3a.svg\" width=\"160\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"20.524\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/94\/943\/9431a206d303ca2915e3b333cad91a3a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/94\/943\/9431a206d303ca2915e3b333cad91a3a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\sqrt{ab}\" alt=\"\\sqrt{ab}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.097\" data-height=\"2.866\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.867\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"[a,b]\" alt=\"[a,b]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.431\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 5.2). \u220e<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/66e\/406\/bde\/66e406bde333c06a9512b122f524efe1.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.5.2\" width=\"464\" height=\"310\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/66e\/406\/bde\/66e406bde333c06a9512b122f524efe1.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/66e\/406\/bde\/66e406bde333c06a9512b122f524efe1.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.5.2<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 5.2.<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=1\/x\" alt=\"f(x)=1\/x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c9\/c9d\/c9da953ad99c8b1de2959c85fc81ec00.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.872\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c9\/c9d\/c9da953ad99c8b1de2959c85fc81ec00.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c9\/c9d\/c9da953ad99c8b1de2959c85fc81ec00.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u00ab\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u00bb) \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <em>\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/em>: \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\sqrt{ab}=2\" alt=\"\\sqrt{ab}=2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/678\/6789e577a86a056a74db898f1e808e53.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.246\" data-height=\"2.866\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.867\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/678\/6789e577a86a056a74db898f1e808e53.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/678\/6789e577a86a056a74db898f1e808e53.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(a,f(a))\" alt=\"(a,f(a))\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/74\/746\/746f66998f5ced30aa404615f27ba8c8.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.164\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/74\/746\/746f66998f5ced30aa404615f27ba8c8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/74\/746\/746f66998f5ced30aa404615f27ba8c8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(b,f(b))\" alt=\"(b,f(b))\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6a0\/6a010d1e79456c833a0904212426677e.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.712\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6a0\/6a010d1e79456c833a0904212426677e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6a0\/6a010d1e79456c833a0904212426677e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u00ab\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435\u00bb.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f.<\/strong> \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=e^{t}\" alt=\"x=e^{t}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/659\/659325e8fef5067f73bef8e2193ccca8.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.131\" data-height=\"2.121\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/659\/659325e8fef5067f73bef8e2193ccca8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/659\/659325e8fef5067f73bef8e2193ccca8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 <em>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/em>: \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\sqrt{ab}\" alt=\"\\sqrt{ab}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.097\" data-height=\"2.866\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.867\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b6\/9b60fb9f15ff81cd3f96ee290618864d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(\\star)\" alt=\"(\\star)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.891\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/becffa2028927f6a862b5d6750781c82.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\to\" alt=\"\\to\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b6\/b63\/b6357340a4139ce0922f4b306ea70acd.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.262\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b6\/b63\/b6357340a4139ce0922f4b306ea70acd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b6\/b63\/b6357340a4139ce0922f4b306ea70acd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\to\" alt=\"\\to\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b6\/b63\/b6357340a4139ce0922f4b306ea70acd.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.262\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b6\/b63\/b6357340a4139ce0922f4b306ea70acd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b6\/b63\/b6357340a4139ce0922f4b306ea70acd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u041e\u0414\u0423 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"h'''=h'\" alt=\"h'''=h'\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8c\/8c0\/8c0506e30839737dcb42c6558901e83f.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.759\" data-height=\"2.016\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8c\/8c0\/8c0506e30839737dcb42c6558901e83f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8c\/8c0\/8c0506e30839737dcb42c6558901e83f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>\u00bb, \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0441 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\{x,\\,1\/x,\\,1\\}\" alt=\"\\{x,\\,1\/x,\\,1\\}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/76\/76b\/76bae1c063a5916c9d45941a29e08f22.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.012\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/76\/76b\/76bae1c063a5916c9d45941a29e08f22.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/76\/76b\/76bae1c063a5916c9d45941a29e08f22.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c II. \u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h3>\n<p>\u041a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0433\u0434\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0434\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440. \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>================================================================<\/p>\n<h4>\u0414\u0417-1. \u041c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u0430\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 2000, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 2, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 2.5.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{R}^{+}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{R}^{+}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f28\/f28a44c7684c94e95ed41c4c694c351b.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"3.066\" data-height=\"2.433\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.651\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f28\/f28a44c7684c94e95ed41c4c694c351b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f28\/f28a44c7684c94e95ed41c4c694c351b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b. \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.917\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)\\,f\\big(y\\,f(x)\\big)=f(x+y)\\qquad\\text{\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }x,y&gt;0.\" alt=\"f(x)\\,f\\big(y\\,f(x)\\big)=f(x+y)\\qquad\\text{\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }x,y&gt;0.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ee\/5ee766f896238c1e752a54b084e0f6ac.svg\" width=\"384\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"48.313\" data-height=\"2.713\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.791\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ee\/5ee766f896238c1e752a54b084e0f6ac.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ee\/5ee766f896238c1e752a54b084e0f6ac.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=\\dfrac{1}{1+cx}\" alt=\"f(x)=\\dfrac{1}{1+cx}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/80\/805\/805b6da51c9cb65ff7b9ec624e86e334.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"14.482\" data-height=\"4.774\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/80\/805\/805b6da51c9cb65ff7b9ec624e86e334.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/80\/805\/805b6da51c9cb65ff7b9ec624e86e334.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c\\ge 0\" alt=\"c\\ge 0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bc\/bc3\/bc380283f793e30d243bc92d48bb36c8.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.128\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bc\/bc3\/bc380283f793e30d243bc92d48bb36c8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bc\/bc3\/bc380283f793e30d243bc92d48bb36c8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c=0\" alt=\"c=0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/633\/633bff1fa0b2fabb9e12f0f4285e42cb.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.128\" data-height=\"1.692\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/633\/633bff1fa0b2fabb9e12f0f4285e42cb.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/633\/633bff1fa0b2fabb9e12f0f4285e42cb.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u044d\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\\equiv 1\" alt=\"f\\equiv 1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/11\/113\/11339710aca5a0d7cfd44002d3213315.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/11\/113\/11339710aca5a0d7cfd44002d3213315.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/11\/113\/11339710aca5a0d7cfd44002d3213315.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>). \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 1. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)\\le 1\" alt=\"f(x)\\le 1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c40\/c4089ea461ddddfde06ff8808e564625.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.447\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c40\/c4089ea461ddddfde06ff8808e564625.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c4\/c40\/c4089ea461ddddfde06ff8808e564625.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/em> \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(a)&gt;1\" alt=\"f(a)&gt;1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/dd\/dda\/ddacdf6301b09dba3f9697125beef446.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.35\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/dd\/dda\/ddacdf6301b09dba3f9697125beef446.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/dd\/dda\/ddacdf6301b09dba3f9697125beef446.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a\" alt=\"a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0c\/0cc\/0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.197\" data-height=\"1.02\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.023\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0c\/0cc\/0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0c\/0cc\/0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0451\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y_\\ast=\\dfrac{a}{f(a)-1}&gt;0\" alt=\"y_\\ast=\\dfrac{a}{f(a)-1}&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a98\/a988d8cd23bb61c3cca266d8b327f74c.svg\" width=\"144\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"18.355\" data-height=\"4.699\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.784\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a98\/a988d8cd23bb61c3cca266d8b327f74c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a98\/a988d8cd23bb61c3cca266d8b327f74c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y_\\ast f(a)=a+y_\\ast\" alt=\"y_\\ast f(a)=a+y_\\ast\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ac\/acd\/acd86d73e400ff176dff3183d45ba66a.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.374\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ac\/acd\/acd86d73e400ff176dff3183d45ba66a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ac\/acd\/acd86d73e400ff176dff3183d45ba66a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=a,\\ y=y_\\ast\" alt=\"x=a,\\ y=y_\\ast\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6a5\/6a5782d836ab551924c044dfe09e57ea.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.302\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6a5\/6a5782d836ab551924c044dfe09e57ea.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6a\/6a5\/6a5782d836ab551924c044dfe09e57ea.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(a)\\,f(a+y_\\ast)=f(a+y_\\ast)\" alt=\"f(a)\\,f(a+y_\\ast)=f(a+y_\\ast)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4bf\/4bf924aa44d809658d5d2cff18ac404e.svg\" width=\"200\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"25.723\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4bf\/4bf924aa44d809658d5d2cff18ac404e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4bf\/4bf924aa44d809658d5d2cff18ac404e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(a+y_\\ast)&gt;0\" alt=\"f(a+y_\\ast)&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/36\/360\/36040bbaff4e5c2c8fcacee8f8b09177.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.212\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/36\/360\/36040bbaff4e5c2c8fcacee8f8b09177.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/36\/360\/36040bbaff4e5c2c8fcacee8f8b09177.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(a)=1\" alt=\"f(a)=1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/db\/db5\/db5d1c6b4ef97047b04652fa5a599d02.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.35\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/db\/db5\/db5d1c6b4ef97047b04652fa5a599d02.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/db\/db5\/db5d1c6b4ef97047b04652fa5a599d02.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0435. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\\le 1\" alt=\"f\\le 1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/58b\/58bdf3ce2090437487e1c19313a06167.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/58b\/58bdf3ce2090437487e1c19313a06167.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/58b\/58bdf3ce2090437487e1c19313a06167.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 2. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/em> \u041f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y&gt;0\" alt=\"y&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/34\/34b\/34b506d4a8cb0a7bc03701bec2c7691c.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.257\" data-height=\"1.971\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/34\/34b\/34b506d4a8cb0a7bc03701bec2c7691c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/34\/34b\/34b506d4a8cb0a7bc03701bec2c7691c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x+y)=f(x)\\,f(yf(x))\\le f(x)\\cdot 1=f(x)\" alt=\"f(x+y)=f(x)\\,f(yf(x))\\le f(x)\\cdot 1=f(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/259\/25928859a4d42a2da4b2ddce9f57667a.svg\" width=\"328\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"41.675\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/259\/25928859a4d42a2da4b2ddce9f57667a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/259\/25928859a4d42a2da4b2ddce9f57667a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(yf(x))\\le1\" alt=\"f(yf(x))\\le1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/82\/827\/827e7e7c63617db436c7f855bce82cf4.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.56\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/82\/827\/827e7e7c63617db436c7f855bce82cf4.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/82\/827\/827e7e7c63617db436c7f855bce82cf4.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 3. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0433\u0434\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/>, \u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\\equiv 1\" alt=\"f\\equiv 1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/11\/113\/11339710aca5a0d7cfd44002d3213315.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/11\/113\/11339710aca5a0d7cfd44002d3213315.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/11\/113\/11339710aca5a0d7cfd44002d3213315.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/em> \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x_0)=1\" alt=\"f(x_0)=1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cb\/cb3\/cb3d7b358422b5b7663a693d263c220a.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.435\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cb\/cb3\/cb3d7b358422b5b7663a693d263c220a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cb\/cb3\/cb3d7b358422b5b7663a693d263c220a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y&gt;0\" alt=\"y&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/34\/34b\/34b506d4a8cb0a7bc03701bec2c7691c.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.257\" data-height=\"1.971\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/34\/34b\/34b506d4a8cb0a7bc03701bec2c7691c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/34\/34b\/34b506d4a8cb0a7bc03701bec2c7691c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(x_0+y)=f(x_0)f(yf(x_0))=f(y),\" alt=\"f(x_0+y)=f(x_0)f(yf(x_0))=f(y),\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/06\/062\/062393099499a23795063d7e70f2035e.svg\" width=\"272\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"34.623\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/06\/062\/062393099499a23795063d7e70f2035e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/06\/062\/062393099499a23795063d7e70f2035e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x_0\" alt=\"x_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e0\/3e0d691f3a530e6c7e079636f20c111b.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"2.282\" data-height=\"1.375\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.375\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e0\/3e0d691f3a530e6c7e079636f20c111b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e0\/3e0d691f3a530e6c7e079636f20c111b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\\equiv 1\" alt=\"f\\equiv 1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/11\/113\/11339710aca5a0d7cfd44002d3213315.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/11\/113\/11339710aca5a0d7cfd44002d3213315.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/11\/113\/11339710aca5a0d7cfd44002d3213315.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c=0\" alt=\"c=0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/633\/633bff1fa0b2fabb9e12f0f4285e42cb.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.128\" data-height=\"1.692\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/633\/633bff1fa0b2fabb9e12f0f4285e42cb.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/633\/633bff1fa0b2fabb9e12f0f4285e42cb.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>).<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 4. \u0418\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f&lt;1\" alt=\"f&lt;1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/588\/58804e95579b90213d2e7fa552a1ccf5.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/588\/58804e95579b90213d2e7fa552a1ccf5.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/588\/58804e95579b90213d2e7fa552a1ccf5.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/em> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"=k\" alt=\"=k\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/ca\/ca9\/ca9faacd0355634b243371cc61856915.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.567\" data-height=\"1.756\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/ca\/ca9\/ca9faacd0355634b243371cc61856915.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/ca\/ca9\/ca9faacd0355634b243371cc61856915.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"[p,q]\" alt=\"[p,q]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ae\/aed\/aed02bcd6f03b8ff0507b69f093e795a.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.443\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ae\/aed\/aed02bcd6f03b8ff0507b69f093e795a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ae\/aed\/aed02bcd6f03b8ff0507b69f093e795a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=p\" alt=\"x=p\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/29\/29f\/29f839781eb37642e2c2cfe679e26f8f.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.449\" data-height=\"1.758\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/29\/29f\/29f839781eb37642e2c2cfe679e26f8f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/29\/29f\/29f839781eb37642e2c2cfe679e26f8f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y\" alt=\"y\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/41\/415\/415290769594460e2e485922904f345d.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.109\" data-height=\"1.464\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/41\/415\/415290769594460e2e485922904f345d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/41\/415\/415290769594460e2e485922904f345d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(p+y)=k\\,f(yk)\" alt=\"f(p+y)=k\\,f(yk)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10ac6c94a66095ceee2e97d7b40ce64.svg\" width=\"136\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"17.882\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10ac6c94a66095ceee2e97d7b40ce64.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f1\/f10\/f10ac6c94a66095ceee2e97d7b40ce64.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(p+y)=k\" alt=\"f(p+y)=k\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19e\/19e1a0118b33d0304b33ee61f81fdd49.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.213\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19e\/19e1a0118b33d0304b33ee61f81fdd49.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/19\/19e\/19e1a0118b33d0304b33ee61f81fdd49.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(yk)=1\" alt=\"f(yk)=1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8e\/8e8\/8e8627bbe9fd747273c3b9f3c5023b81.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.44\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8e\/8e8\/8e8627bbe9fd747273c3b9f3c5023b81.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8e\/8e8\/8e8627bbe9fd747273c3b9f3c5023b81.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e (\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f&lt;1\" alt=\"f&lt;1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/588\/58804e95579b90213d2e7fa552a1ccf5.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/588\/58804e95579b90213d2e7fa552a1ccf5.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/588\/58804e95579b90213d2e7fa552a1ccf5.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>). \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0442: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <em>\u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 5. \u0421\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0438.<\/em> \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y\\to z\/f(x)\" alt=\"y\\to z\/f(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/318\/318008625241bc1817f43a967920849b.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.11\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/318\/318008625241bc1817f43a967920849b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/318\/318008625241bc1817f43a967920849b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)&gt;0\" alt=\"f(x)&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3d\/3d9\/3d97eb56e02c2889dd20a89529548180.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.447\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3d\/3d9\/3d97eb56e02c2889dd20a89529548180.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3d\/3d9\/3d97eb56e02c2889dd20a89529548180.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>):<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(x)f(z)=f\\!\\Big(x+\\tfrac{z}{f(x)}\\Big).\" alt=\"f(x)f(z)=f\\!\\Big(x+\\tfrac{z}{f(x)}\\Big).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/708\/708145c64a9aaab20a413b3590fe4b95.svg\" width=\"184\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"23.664\" data-height=\"4.07\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.469\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/708\/708145c64a9aaab20a413b3590fe4b95.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/708\/708145c64a9aaab20a413b3590fe4b95.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x,z\" alt=\"x,z\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/25b\/25ba49a1d35255aba06b918eb0c6f378.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.352\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/25b\/25ba49a1d35255aba06b918eb0c6f378.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/25\/25b\/25ba49a1d35255aba06b918eb0c6f378.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\\big(x+\\tfrac{z}{f(x)}\\big)=f\\big(z+\\tfrac{x}{f(z)}\\big)\" alt=\"f\\big(x+\\tfrac{z}{f(x)}\\big)=f\\big(z+\\tfrac{x}{f(z)}\\big)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6bd\/6bd03c69b031d99807ee5d9f93320ee4.svg\" width=\"200\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"25.427\" data-height=\"3.16\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.014\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6bd\/6bd03c69b031d99807ee5d9f93320ee4.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6bd\/6bd03c69b031d99807ee5d9f93320ee4.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"x+\\frac{z}{f(x)}=z+\\frac{x}{f(z)}\\ \\Longrightarrow\\ x\\Big(\\tfrac{1}{f(z)}-1\\Big)=z\\Big(\\tfrac{1}{f(x)}-1\\Big).\" alt=\"x+\\frac{z}{f(x)}=z+\\frac{x}{f(z)}\\ \\Longrightarrow\\ x\\Big(\\tfrac{1}{f(z)}-1\\Big)=z\\Big(\\tfrac{1}{f(x)}-1\\Big).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/52\/52c\/52c365e1496c5ac5a68e83212c942e49.svg\" width=\"432\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"54.423\" data-height=\"4.773\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/52\/52c\/52c365e1496c5ac5a68e83212c942e49.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/52\/52c\/52c365e1496c5ac5a68e83212c942e49.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0434\u043b\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G(t):=\\tfrac{1}{f(t)}-1\" alt=\"G(t):=\\tfrac{1}{f(t)}-1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/641\/641bbde96dccca9f16adab80ed4f3739.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"15.596\" data-height=\"3.195\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.032\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/641\/641bbde96dccca9f16adab80ed4f3739.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/641\/641bbde96dccca9f16adab80ed4f3739.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\dfrac{G(x)}{x}=\\dfrac{G(z)}{z}=:c\" alt=\"\\dfrac{G(x)}{x}=\\dfrac{G(z)}{z}=:c\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/65f\/65f1c646d2a1bec82bdc27058928e211.svg\" width=\"152\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"19.057\" data-height=\"4.88\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.874\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/65f\/65f1c646d2a1bec82bdc27058928e211.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/65f\/65f1c646d2a1bec82bdc27058928e211.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430), \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"G(x)=cx\" alt=\"G(x)=cx\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b3\/b32\/b320b8c14c059694946f75a6cae83eb5.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.123\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b3\/b32\/b320b8c14c059694946f75a6cae83eb5.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b3\/b32\/b320b8c14c059694946f75a6cae83eb5.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(x)=\\frac{1}{1+cx}.\" alt=\"f(x)=\\frac{1}{1+cx}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/96\/965\/9656cc92558adf1b4d43823617ce3d65.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"15.111\" data-height=\"4.774\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/96\/965\/9656cc92558adf1b4d43823617ce3d65.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/96\/965\/9656cc92558adf1b4d43823617ce3d65.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f&gt;0\" alt=\"f&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{R}^{+}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{R}^{+}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f28\/f28a44c7684c94e95ed41c4c694c351b.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"3.066\" data-height=\"2.433\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.651\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f28\/f28a44c7684c94e95ed41c4c694c351b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f28\/f28a44c7684c94e95ed41c4c694c351b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c\\ge 0\" alt=\"c\\ge 0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bc\/bc3\/bc380283f793e30d243bc92d48bb36c8.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.128\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bc\/bc3\/bc380283f793e30d243bc92d48bb36c8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/bc\/bc3\/bc380283f793e30d243bc92d48bb36c8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 6. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430.<\/em> \u0414\u043b\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=\\tfrac{1}{1+cx}\" alt=\"f(x)=\\tfrac{1}{1+cx}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e16\/e163e33eeb9b7e32fd195877162ab75b.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.964\" data-height=\"2.869\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.869\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e16\/e163e33eeb9b7e32fd195877162ab75b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e16\/e163e33eeb9b7e32fd195877162ab75b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)f(yf(x))=\\dfrac{1}{1+cx}\\cdot\\dfrac{1+cx}{1+cx+cy}=\\dfrac{1}{1+c(x+y)}=f(x+y).\" alt=\"f(x)f(yf(x))=\\dfrac{1}{1+cx}\\cdot\\dfrac{1+cx}{1+cx+cy}=\\dfrac{1}{1+c(x+y)}=f(x+y).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/24\/240\/2407f31003e771b2d2f4b9793b6e28b4.svg\" width=\"512\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"64.185\" data-height=\"5.208\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.038\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/24\/240\/2407f31003e771b2d2f4b9793b6e28b4.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/24\/240\/2407f31003e771b2d2f4b9793b6e28b4.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0412\u0441\u0451 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. \u04141.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2ec\/ae7\/7cc\/2ecae77ccceb0ba4574933ccec43092f.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\u04141\" width=\"542\" height=\"257\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2ec\/ae7\/7cc\/2ecae77ccceb0ba4574933ccec43092f.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/2ec\/ae7\/7cc\/2ecae77ccceb0ba4574933ccec43092f.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.\u04141<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04141.<\/strong> \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=\\tfrac{1}{1+cx}\" alt=\"f(x)=\\tfrac{1}{1+cx}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e16\/e163e33eeb9b7e32fd195877162ab75b.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.964\" data-height=\"2.869\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.869\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e16\/e163e33eeb9b7e32fd195877162ab75b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e16\/e163e33eeb9b7e32fd195877162ab75b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c=0,\\tfrac12,1,2\" alt=\"c=0,\\tfrac12,1,2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/280\/280266edea3f887133eaddbf8291a9a3.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.204\" data-height=\"2.737\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.803\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/280\/280266edea3f887133eaddbf8291a9a3.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/280\/280266edea3f887133eaddbf8291a9a3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/> \u0438 (\u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c&gt;0\" alt=\"c&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/96\/96d\/96df96dd95bbf61a8224853c7a06c48c.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.128\" data-height=\"1.597\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.09\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/96\/96d\/96df96dd95bbf61a8224853c7a06c48c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/96\/96d\/96df96dd95bbf61a8224853c7a06c48c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>) \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u2014 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0445 1\u20132.<\/p>\n<p>================================================================<\/p>\n<h4>\u0414\u0417-2. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438  \u0441 ?<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 2002, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 1, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1.2.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.917\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\\in\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"x\\in\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/712\/712c552cb04926e9ddc72107b434498c.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.694\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/712\/712c552cb04926e9ddc72107b434498c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/71\/712\/712c552cb04926e9ddc72107b434498c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)&gt;0\" alt=\"f(x)&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3d\/3d9\/3d97eb56e02c2889dd20a89529548180.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.447\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3d\/3d9\/3d97eb56e02c2889dd20a89529548180.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3d\/3d9\/3d97eb56e02c2889dd20a89529548180.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f'(x)=f(f(x))\" alt=\"f'(x)=f(f(x))\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7d\/7dd\/7dda25e982329df0ebb1e97dfdcfe73a.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.367\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7d\/7dd\/7dda25e982329df0ebb1e97dfdcfe73a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7d\/7dd\/7dda25e982329df0ebb1e97dfdcfe73a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/strong> \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442. <\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 1.<\/em> \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f&gt;0\" alt=\"f&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f'(x)=f(f(x))&gt;0\" alt=\"f'(x)=f(f(x))&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1f\/1f6\/1f6645c6fb1b2c017f6c2d9dcb14985a.svg\" width=\"152\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"19.515\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1f\/1f6\/1f6645c6fb1b2c017f6c2d9dcb14985a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/1f\/1f6\/1f6645c6fb1b2c017f6c2d9dcb14985a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> <em>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 2.<\/em> \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0451\u043c, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\\to-\\infty\" alt=\"x\\to-\\infty\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d7\/0d764f666a2a99db1a46a7457c315d01.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.836\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d7\/0d764f666a2a99db1a46a7457c315d01.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d7\/0d764f666a2a99db1a46a7457c315d01.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"L=\\lim\\limits_{x\\to-\\infty}f(x)\\ge 0\" alt=\"L=\\lim\\limits_{x\\to-\\infty}f(x)\\ge 0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/de\/de4\/de426431b507ab1de9b7c350706cf9ba.svg\" width=\"144\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"18.741\" data-height=\"3.412\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.14\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/de\/de4\/de426431b507ab1de9b7c350706cf9ba.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/de\/de4\/de426431b507ab1de9b7c350706cf9ba.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 3.<\/em> \u041f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\\circ f\" alt=\"f\\circ f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/656\/65632f6c4bf2956269f1f89622459625.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.625\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/656\/65632f6c4bf2956269f1f89622459625.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/65\/656\/65632f6c4bf2956269f1f89622459625.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f'(x)=f\\big(f(x)\\big)\\xrightarrow[x\\to-\\infty]{}f(L)&gt;0\" alt=\"f'(x)=f\\big(f(x)\\big)\\xrightarrow[x\\to-\\infty]{}f(L)&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/636\/636016efa98d32b27af4e9ab1ce6cf81.svg\" width=\"256\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"32.321\" data-height=\"4.186\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.527\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/636\/636016efa98d32b27af4e9ab1ce6cf81.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/636\/636016efa98d32b27af4e9ab1ce6cf81.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>(\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f&gt;0\" alt=\"f&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"L\\ge0\" alt=\"L\\ge0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d2\/d2b\/d2b17e194dbeb9a5711681204747cfde.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.689\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d2\/d2b\/d2b17e194dbeb9a5711681204747cfde.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d2\/d2b\/d2b17e194dbeb9a5711681204747cfde.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>). \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x_0\" alt=\"x_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e0\/3e0d691f3a530e6c7e079636f20c111b.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"2.282\" data-height=\"1.375\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.375\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e0\/3e0d691f3a530e6c7e079636f20c111b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/3e\/3e0\/3e0d691f3a530e6c7e079636f20c111b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\varepsilon&gt;0\" alt=\"\\varepsilon&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c2\/c27\/c275666ed6a881fe9e0aafb9273418f7.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.203\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c2\/c27\/c275666ed6a881fe9e0aafb9273418f7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c2\/c27\/c275666ed6a881fe9e0aafb9273418f7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f'(x)\\ge\\varepsilon\" alt=\"f'(x)\\ge\\varepsilon\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/231\/231c15bb59d3fb6a15976985177075b8.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.118\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/231\/231c15bb59d3fb6a15976985177075b8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/23\/231\/231c15bb59d3fb6a15976985177075b8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\\le x_0\" alt=\"x\\le x_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e4\/e47\/e47cdcbb506e5b1b8215801a3ad93ea1.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.593\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e4\/e47\/e47cdcbb506e5b1b8215801a3ad93ea1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e4\/e47\/e47cdcbb506e5b1b8215801a3ad93ea1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0428\u0430\u0433 4 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0435).<\/em> \u0414\u043b\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x&lt;x_0\" alt=\"x&lt;x_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e3\/e34\/e34d55347557cd38156b96cc0f13f464.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"6.593\" data-height=\"1.596\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.375\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e3\/e34\/e34d55347557cd38156b96cc0f13f464.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e3\/e34\/e34d55347557cd38156b96cc0f13f464.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(x)=f(x_0)-\\int_x^{x_0}f'(t)\\,dt\\le f(x_0)-\\varepsilon\\,(x_0-x)\\xrightarrow[x\\to-\\infty]{}-\\infty,\" alt=\"f(x)=f(x_0)-\\int_x^{x_0}f'(t)\\,dt\\le f(x_0)-\\varepsilon\\,(x_0-x)\\xrightarrow[x\\to-\\infty]{}-\\infty,\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/54\/547\/54740456f9bb7bbb5069c33ac650dda9.svg\" width=\"472\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"59.982\" data-height=\"5.214\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.042\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/54\/547\/54740456f9bb7bbb5069c33ac650dda9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/54\/547\/54740456f9bb7bbb5069c33ac650dda9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f&gt;0\" alt=\"f&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442 (\u0440\u0438\u0441. \u04142). \u220e<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/3ce\/479\/521\/3ce479521aeaa60793c5820d321d9dad.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04142\" width=\"610\" height=\"256\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/3ce\/479\/521\/3ce479521aeaa60793c5820d321d9dad.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/3ce\/479\/521\/3ce479521aeaa60793c5820d321d9dad.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04142<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04142.<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f'\\ge\\varepsilon&gt;0\" alt=\"f'\\ge\\varepsilon&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9cf\/9cfa49ae5ee43ea9cf5bb43dab1e658d.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.212\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.632\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9cf\/9cfa49ae5ee43ea9cf5bb43dab1e658d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9c\/9cf\/9cfa49ae5ee43ea9cf5bb43dab1e658d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(-\\infty,x_0]\" alt=\"(-\\infty,x_0]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b74\/b740fe26431b345d84087bc521b3e0b1.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.82\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b74\/b740fe26431b345d84087bc521b3e0b1.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b7\/b74\/b740fe26431b345d84087bc521b3e0b1.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\varepsilon\" alt=\"\\varepsilon\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f8b\/f8b1c5a729a09649c275fca88976d8dd.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.054\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f8b\/f8b1c5a729a09649c275fca88976d8dd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f8b\/f8b1c5a729a09649c275fca88976d8dd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 (\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440) \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0441 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f&gt;0\" alt=\"f&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.393\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b0\/b08\/b0846a43d8ff2ba608cccffebe250540.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p>================================================================<\/p>\n<h4>\u0414\u0417-3. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 2005, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 2, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 2.2.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)\" alt=\"f(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.299\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(f(x))^{n}\" alt=\"(f(x))^{n}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/dd\/dd2\/dd20d53ba2a3b64f7becb6209cde5e66.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.206\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/dd\/dd2\/dd20d53ba2a3b64f7becb6209cde5e66.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/dd\/dd2\/dd20d53ba2a3b64f7becb6209cde5e66.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n=2,3,\\dots\" alt=\"n=2,3,\\dots\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/02\/026\/026309cb0a6007e8d20b0c291d0b0b2b.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.301\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/02\/026\/026309cb0a6007e8d20b0c291d0b0b2b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/02\/026\/026309cb0a6007e8d20b0c291d0b0b2b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/strong> \u0434\u0430, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d. \u0425\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n=2\" alt=\"n=2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c3\/c30\/c303081f7a16f603112b0375bdc84883.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.506\" data-height=\"1.692\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c3\/c30\/c303081f7a16f603112b0375bdc84883.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c3\/c30\/c303081f7a16f603112b0375bdc84883.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n=3\" alt=\"n=3\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f4\/f4b\/f4b339682e05755eb7408448ef87e1ca.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.506\" data-height=\"1.69\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f4\/f4b\/f4b339682e05755eb7408448ef87e1ca.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f4\/f4b\/f4b339682e05755eb7408448ef87e1ca.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"p=f^{2}\" alt=\"p=f^{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e4\/e4b\/e4b09631b45626314892a22595e53348.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.507\" data-height=\"2.464\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e4\/e4b\/e4b09631b45626314892a22595e53348.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e4\/e4b\/e4b09631b45626314892a22595e53348.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q=f^{3}\" alt=\"q=f^{3}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a4\/a42\/a4238ac201db6c5b4e88855aeaa605af.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.41\" data-height=\"2.462\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a4\/a42\/a4238ac201db6c5b4e88855aeaa605af.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a4\/a42\/a4238ac201db6c5b4e88855aeaa605af.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f=\\dfrac{q}{p}\" alt=\"f=\\dfrac{q}{p}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/36\/36d\/36d8930f7e37817259f0c46e08198f59.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"6.395\" data-height=\"4.52\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.695\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/36\/36d\/36d8930f7e37817259f0c46e08198f59.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/36\/36d\/36d8930f7e37817259f0c46e08198f59.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"p\\ne0\" alt=\"p\\ne0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/584\/584805a6ef49683286ec6bafc09848c8.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.286\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/584\/584805a6ef49683286ec6bafc09848c8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/58\/584\/584805a6ef49683286ec6bafc09848c8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>), \u0438<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"q^{2}=f^{6}=p^{3}.\" alt=\"q^{2}=f^{6}=p^{3}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/79e\/79e7f35edebb4b9c1d09999ed81ced5b.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.284\" data-height=\"2.464\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/79e\/79e7f35edebb4b9c1d09999ed81ced5b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/79\/79e\/79e7f35edebb4b9c1d09999ed81ced5b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 (\u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"p=\\prod p_i^{a_i}\" alt=\"p=\\prod p_i^{a_i}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/921\/921e7d1da266175bbf456d249680d05e.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"10.119\" data-height=\"3.167\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.018\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/921\/921e7d1da266175bbf456d249680d05e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/92\/921\/921e7d1da266175bbf456d249680d05e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"p^{3}=\\prod p_i^{3a_i}\" alt=\"p^{3}=\\prod p_i^{3a_i}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/637\/6371ae799fd7bdcc2dad7ba89f2b0303.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"11.906\" data-height=\"3.167\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.018\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/637\/6371ae799fd7bdcc2dad7ba89f2b0303.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/63\/637\/6371ae799fd7bdcc2dad7ba89f2b0303.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q^{2}\" alt=\"q^{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eef\/eef65b2e67a687f7a61d52866ad81733.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.143\" data-height=\"2.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eef\/eef65b2e67a687f7a61d52866ad81733.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eef\/eef65b2e67a687f7a61d52866ad81733.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"3a_i\" alt=\"3a_i\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b1\/9b1b7db4e47b4c2cf9de1003f50d30cd.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"3.068\" data-height=\"1.861\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.357\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b1\/9b1b7db4e47b4c2cf9de1003f50d30cd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9b1\/9b1b7db4e47b4c2cf9de1003f50d30cd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u044b; \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/> \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a_i\" alt=\"a_i\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2a\/2ae\/2aecb1dc57e87620a373d19b0a889efb.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.937\" data-height=\"1.355\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.357\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2a\/2ae\/2aecb1dc57e87620a373d19b0a889efb.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2a\/2ae\/2aecb1dc57e87620a373d19b0a889efb.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"p=s^{2}\" alt=\"p=s^{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9bd\/9bd4aa69672e9f19a26fbb4d91269c2e.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.204\" data-height=\"2.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9bd\/9bd4aa69672e9f19a26fbb4d91269c2e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9b\/9bd\/9bd4aa69672e9f19a26fbb4d91269c2e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"s\" alt=\"s\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/03c\/03c7c0ace395d80182db07ae2c30f034.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.061\" data-height=\"1.023\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.023\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/03c\/03c7c0ace395d80182db07ae2c30f034.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/03c\/03c7c0ace395d80182db07ae2c30f034.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q^{2}=p^{3}=s^{6}\" alt=\"q^{2}=p^{3}=s^{6}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/99\/993\/9934cacf73573e8a04efb0068cad542e.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.352\" data-height=\"2.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/99\/993\/9934cacf73573e8a04efb0068cad542e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/99\/993\/9934cacf73573e8a04efb0068cad542e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q=\\pm s^{3}\" alt=\"q=\\pm s^{3}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/de\/de6\/de6180014a33ebc967084e282b690d1a.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.867\" data-height=\"2.564\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.716\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/de\/de6\/de6180014a33ebc967084e282b690d1a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/de\/de6\/de6180014a33ebc967084e282b690d1a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f=\\frac{q}{p}=\\frac{\\pm s^{3}}{s^{2}}=\\pm s\" alt=\"f=\\frac{q}{p}=\\frac{\\pm s^{3}}{s^{2}}=\\pm s\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/18\/18d\/18d0cf2270ff38b017ef783f26537ad2.svg\" width=\"160\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"20.055\" data-height=\"5.405\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.137\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/18\/18d\/18d0cf2270ff38b017ef783f26537ad2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/18\/18d\/18d0cf2270ff38b017ef783f26537ad2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d. (\u0413\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"p\" alt=\"p\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.138\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044c, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f=\\pm s\" alt=\"f=\\pm s\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/30\/30d\/30d80b43b8fe49c489c44f30a207a007.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.083\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/30\/30d\/30d80b43b8fe49c489c44f30a207a007.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/30\/30d\/30d80b43b8fe49c489c44f30a207a007.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.) \u220e<\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u00ab\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u00bb \u2014 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. \u04143.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/953\/9b5\/e34\/9539b5e34253708e30f907e30a0a1f50.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" width=\"464\" height=\"249\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/953\/9b5\/e34\/9539b5e34253708e30f907e30a0a1f50.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/953\/9b5\/e34\/9539b5e34253708e30f907e30a0a1f50.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04143.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f^{2}=(x^{2}-1)^{2}\" alt=\"f^{2}=(x^{2}-1)^{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba3\/ba38c2e0779c7fb329329e26abeb1d8e.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.296\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba3\/ba38c2e0779c7fb329329e26abeb1d8e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba3\/ba38c2e0779c7fb329329e26abeb1d8e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442 (\u0441\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044f\u0445), \u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"s=x^{2}-1\" alt=\"s=x^{2}-1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/32\/324\/3240d24db42947b8d0f17d50a7f2cbfd.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.257\" data-height=\"2.185\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/32\/324\/3240d24db42947b8d0f17d50a7f2cbfd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/32\/324\/3240d24db42947b8d0f17d50a7f2cbfd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d. \u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q^{2}=p^{3}\" alt=\"q^{2}=p^{3}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/90\/904\/9042a0a2e48150a86d65d4c2b1e21701.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.286\" data-height=\"2.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/90\/904\/9042a0a2e48150a86d65d4c2b1e21701.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/90\/904\/9042a0a2e48150a86d65d4c2b1e21701.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"p\" alt=\"p\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.138\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/83\/838\/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>================================================================<\/p>\n<h4>\u0414\u0417-4. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 1999, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 1, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1.4.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.917\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\\!\\left(\\frac{x^{2}}{f(x)}\\right)=x\\qquad\\text{\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }x&gt;0.\" alt=\"f\\!\\left(\\frac{x^{2}}{f(x)}\\right)=x\\qquad\\text{\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 }x&gt;0.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2e\/2e2\/2e23511f6651d83fc3aafbea2780e2d8.svg\" width=\"280\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"35.409\" data-height=\"5.588\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.228\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2e\/2e2\/2e23511f6651d83fc3aafbea2780e2d8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2e\/2e2\/2e23511f6651d83fc3aafbea2780e2d8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=Cx\" alt=\"f(x)=Cx\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.329\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"C&gt;0\" alt=\"C&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d5\/d5d\/d5d86d712b9871e01d3a8ec699221864.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.868\" data-height=\"1.686\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.09\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d5\/d5d\/d5d86d712b9871e01d3a8ec699221864.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d5\/d5d\/d5d86d712b9871e01d3a8ec699221864.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d:<\/p>\n<p><em>(i) <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u0431\u0438\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430.<\/em> \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x&gt;0\" alt=\"x&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/887\/887fb68a10cbd4369b27c90bee0334d8.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.442\" data-height=\"1.597\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.09\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/887\/887fb68a10cbd4369b27c90bee0334d8.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/88\/887\/887fb68a10cbd4369b27c90bee0334d8.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u044e\u0440\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430; \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><em>(ii) \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f^{-1}\" alt=\"f^{-1}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e5\/e55\/e55e328349414752113c4878dc62303f.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"3.597\" data-height=\"2.464\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e5\/e55\/e55e328349414752113c4878dc62303f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e5\/e55\/e55e328349414752113c4878dc62303f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\dfrac{x^{2}}{f(x)}=f^{-1}(x)\" alt=\"\\dfrac{x^{2}}{f(x)}=f^{-1}(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cc\/cca\/cca2de5daf145f3a56f7cb074e163bc7.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"14.962\" data-height=\"5.588\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.228\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cc\/cca\/cca2de5daf145f3a56f7cb074e163bc7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/cc\/cca\/cca2de5daf145f3a56f7cb074e163bc7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f(x)\\cdot f^{-1}(x)=x^{2}.\" alt=\"f(x)\\cdot f^{-1}(x)=x^{2}.\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/beceda242bd66f9e6856ba5f84410309.svg\" width=\"144\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"18.512\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.717\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/beceda242bd66f9e6856ba5f84410309.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/bec\/beceda242bd66f9e6856ba5f84410309.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><em>(iii) <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f^{-1}\" alt=\"f^{-1}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e5\/e55\/e55e328349414752113c4878dc62303f.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"3.597\" data-height=\"2.464\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e5\/e55\/e55e328349414752113c4878dc62303f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e5\/e55\/e55e328349414752113c4878dc62303f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b; \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\\to\\infty\" alt=\"x\\to\\infty\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f27\/f2719e209c068a08487b99511b16a2da.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.076\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f27\/f2719e209c068a08487b99511b16a2da.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f2\/f27\/f2719e209c068a08487b99511b16a2da.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)\" alt=\"f(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.299\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f^{-1}(x)\" alt=\"f^{-1}(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b12\/b127e11e723cd038ba3a6bbcc16048bd.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.651\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b12\/b127e11e723cd038ba3a6bbcc16048bd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b12\/b127e11e723cd038ba3a6bbcc16048bd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x^{2}\\to\\infty\" alt=\"x^{2}\\to\\infty\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/37\/370\/370cbc61f555988a5f23d81814dfd8ac.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.064\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.717\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/37\/370\/370cbc61f555988a5f23d81814dfd8ac.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/37\/370\/370cbc61f555988a5f23d81814dfd8ac.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><em>(iv) \u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442.<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)\" alt=\"f(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.299\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(f(x))=\\dfrac{f(x)^{2}}{x}\" alt=\"f(f(x))=\\dfrac{f(x)^{2}}{x}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/30\/305\/3055ed8d71fdeb041187c551b69c7937.svg\" width=\"128\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"16.602\" data-height=\"5.07\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.969\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/30\/305\/3055ed8d71fdeb041187c551b69c7937.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/30\/305\/3055ed8d71fdeb041187c551b69c7937.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r(x):=\\dfrac{f(x)}{x}\" alt=\"r(x):=\\dfrac{f(x)}{x}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8d1\/8d175ec25a1845c0ad25e78d94adb140.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"32\" data-width=\"13.015\" data-height=\"4.88\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.874\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8d1\/8d175ec25a1845c0ad25e78d94adb140.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8d\/8d1\/8d175ec25a1845c0ad25e78d94adb140.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"r\\big(f(x)\\big)=\\frac{f(f(x))}{f(x)}=\\frac{f(x)}{x}=r(x),\" alt=\"r\\big(f(x)\\big)=\\frac{f(f(x))}{f(x)}=\\frac{f(x)}{x}=r(x),\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c7\/c7e\/c7ebaa29a90b2c5f9dfc801cbcf842bb.svg\" width=\"272\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"34.739\" data-height=\"5.475\" data-vertical-align=\"-2.172\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c7\/c7e\/c7ebaa29a90b2c5f9dfc801cbcf842bb.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c7\/c7e\/c7ebaa29a90b2c5f9dfc801cbcf842bb.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)\/x\" alt=\"f(x)\/x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ad\/ad3\/ad31f22fbfc68b848a0a8844ed6a3fb6.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.724\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ad\/ad3\/ad31f22fbfc68b848a0a8844ed6a3fb6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ad\/ad3\/ad31f22fbfc68b848a0a8844ed6a3fb6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x,\\,f(x),\\,f(f(x)),\\dots\" alt=\"x,\\,f(x),\\,f(f(x)),\\dots\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/036\/036c3a6332e0221635f93e7e62669b85.svg\" width=\"152\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"19.321\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/036\/036c3a6332e0221635f93e7e62669b85.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/03\/036\/036c3a6332e0221635f93e7e62669b85.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p><em>(v) \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430.<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=Cx\" alt=\"f(x)=Cx\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.329\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\dfrac{x^2}{Cx}=\\dfrac{x}{C}\" alt=\"\\dfrac{x^2}{Cx}=\\dfrac{x}{C}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4e\/4ed\/4edec28a23576e3c24c61e4fbda216f7.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"40\" data-width=\"9.741\" data-height=\"5.018\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.943\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4e\/4ed\/4edec28a23576e3c24c61e4fbda216f7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4e\/4ed\/4edec28a23576e3c24c61e4fbda216f7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\\big(\\tfrac{x}{C}\\big)=C\\cdot\\tfrac{x}{C}=x\" alt=\"f\\big(\\tfrac{x}{C}\\big)=C\\cdot\\tfrac{x}{C}=x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/08\/084\/084ef64e1fe2b3c1c170172e41ad185d.svg\" width=\"144\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"18.422\" data-height=\"2.738\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.803\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/08\/084\/084ef64e1fe2b3c1c170172e41ad185d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/08\/084\/084ef64e1fe2b3c1c170172e41ad185d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. <\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u2014 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y=Cx\" alt=\"y=Cx\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6b7\/6b7279866f690a74c5b8fcf85e0d4178.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.139\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6b7\/6b7279866f690a74c5b8fcf85e0d4178.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6b7\/6b7279866f690a74c5b8fcf85e0d4178.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0440\u0438\u0441. \u04144).<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0435<\/em> \u2014 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r(x)\" alt=\"r(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7f\/7f0\/7f0562b7361b94feb27ee472a1cbc253.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.075\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7f\/7f0\/7f0562b7361b94feb27ee472a1cbc253.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7f\/7f0\/7f0562b7361b94feb27ee472a1cbc253.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> <em>\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442<\/em> \u043e\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b). \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"r\" alt=\"r\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.02\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4b\/4b4\/4b43b0aee35624cd95b910189b3dc231.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u0438\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/ddc\/b27\/947\/ddcb27947aa822b014d97fad4030d3f6.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\u04144\" width=\"467\" height=\"245\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/ddc\/b27\/947\/ddcb27947aa822b014d97fad4030d3f6.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/ddc\/b27\/947\/ddcb27947aa822b014d97fad4030d3f6.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.\u04144<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04144.<\/strong> \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=Cx\" alt=\"f(x)=Cx\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.329\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"C&gt;0\" alt=\"C&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d5\/d5d\/d5d86d712b9871e01d3a8ec699221864.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.868\" data-height=\"1.686\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.09\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d5\/d5d\/d5d86d712b9871e01d3a8ec699221864.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d5\/d5d\/d5d86d712b9871e01d3a8ec699221864.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>). \u0422\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)\\,f^{-1}(x)=x^{2}\" alt=\"f(x)\\,f^{-1}(x)=x^{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f6\/f6c\/f6cad8f7f834c832a17a71ba6366ebe9.svg\" width=\"128\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"16.626\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.717\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f6\/f6c\/f6cad8f7f834c832a17a71ba6366ebe9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f6\/f6c\/f6cad8f7f834c832a17a71ba6366ebe9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=Cx\" alt=\"f(x)=Cx\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.329\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/b1\/b17\/b17d3ae5c10ace99db575c2d844ec6fe.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"Cx\\cdot\\tfrac{x}{C}=x^{2}\" alt=\"Cx\\cdot\\tfrac{x}{C}=x^{2}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/be4\/be42ce18428e5cba8c178a727b784c18.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.158\" data-height=\"2.816\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.842\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/be4\/be42ce18428e5cba8c178a727b784c18.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/be4\/be42ce18428e5cba8c178a727b784c18.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"C\" alt=\"C\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d6\/0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.719\" data-height=\"1.645\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.05\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d6\/0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d6\/0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p>================================================================<\/p>\n<h4>\u0414\u0417-5. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (\u0441\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0451\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439)<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 2001, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 2, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 2.5.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.917\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(0)&gt;0\" alt=\"f(0)&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ab\/abd\/abddac02095c416dfe04d9df7b76fe51.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.284\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ab\/abd\/abddac02095c416dfe04d9df7b76fe51.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ab\/abd\/abddac02095c416dfe04d9df7b76fe51.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x,y\\in\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"x,y\\in\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eeb\/eeb52430b25a79300a8c149dac3a2ea7.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.808\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eeb\/eeb52430b25a79300a8c149dac3a2ea7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/ee\/eeb\/eeb52430b25a79300a8c149dac3a2ea7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x+y)\\ge f(x)+y\\,f\\big(f(x)\\big).\" alt=\"f(x+y)\\ge f(x)+y\\,f\\big(f(x)\\big).\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7d\/7d6\/7d6ff42ed72c951111c23f2971280683.svg\" width=\"216\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"27.985\" data-height=\"2.713\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.791\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7d\/7d6\/7d6ff42ed72c951111c23f2971280683.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7d\/7d6\/7d6ff42ed72c951111c23f2971280683.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/strong> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442.<\/em> \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c=f(0)&gt;0\" alt=\"c=f(0)&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/be1\/be168abff50bab49c2bb0119c08f6cb2.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.281\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/be1\/be168abff50bab49c2bb0119c08f6cb2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/be\/be1\/be168abff50bab49c2bb0119c08f6cb2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x=0\" alt=\"x=0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e11\/e11729b0b65ecade3fc272548a3883fc.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.442\" data-height=\"1.692\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e11\/e11729b0b65ecade3fc272548a3883fc.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e1\/e11\/e11729b0b65ecade3fc272548a3883fc.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(y)\\ge c+y\\,f(c)\" alt=\"f(y)\\ge c+y\\,f(c)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a95\/a9582996fb24fdf4f46490ccb800a114.svg\" width=\"128\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"16.346\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a95\/a9582996fb24fdf4f46490ccb800a114.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a95\/a9582996fb24fdf4f46490ccb800a114.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y\" alt=\"y\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/41\/415\/415290769594460e2e485922904f345d.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.109\" data-height=\"1.464\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/41\/415\/415290769594460e2e485922904f345d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/41\/415\/415290769594460e2e485922904f345d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u041a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> <em>\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0443<\/em> \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x+y)\\ge f(x)+y\\,f(f(x))\" alt=\"f(x+y)\\ge f(x)+y\\,f(f(x))\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d3\/0d3336ee0afbc860596367f7d15ddb5e.svg\" width=\"216\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"27.044\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d3\/0d3336ee0afbc860596367f7d15ddb5e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d3\/0d3336ee0afbc860596367f7d15ddb5e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u00bb <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(f(x))\" alt=\"f(f(x))\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c7\/c7a\/c7a4b572f5212183f3cde226a5a6db35.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.303\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c7\/c7a\/c7a4b572f5212183f3cde226a5a6db35.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c7\/c7a\/c7a4b572f5212183f3cde226a5a6db35.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a (\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)\" alt=\"f(x)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.299\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/50\/50b\/50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e, \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e). \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 <em>\u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/em>; \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c.<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y=f(f(x))\" alt=\"y=f(f(x))\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/841\/841344b327900dea4e4f1f66ed681fa0.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.429\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/841\/841344b327900dea4e4f1f66ed681fa0.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/84\/841\/841344b327900dea4e4f1f66ed681fa0.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e): \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula\" source=\"f\\big(x+f(f(x))\\big)\\ge f(x)+\\big(f(f(x))\\big)^{2},\" alt=\"f\\big(x+f(f(x))\\big)\\ge f(x)+\\big(f(f(x))\\big)^{2},\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fc\/fcf\/fcfb27c546855d1a1633fa06250a20cf.svg\" width=\"280\" height=\"24\" data-width=\"35.753\" data-height=\"3.161\" data-vertical-align=\"-1.015\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fc\/fcf\/fcfb27c546855d1a1633fa06250a20cf.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fc\/fcf\/fcfb27c546855d1a1633fa06250a20cf.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 \u00ab\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0451\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0430. \u0410\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044e. \u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u00ab\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0451\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. \u04145.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c16\/530\/559\/c16530559bc0899ff60db1ed53d9a708.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04145\" width=\"504\" height=\"202\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c16\/530\/559\/c16530559bc0899ff60db1ed53d9a708.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/c16\/530\/559\/c16530559bc0899ff60db1ed53d9a708.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04145<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04145.<\/strong> \u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430: \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435, \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u2014 \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{R}\\to\\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{R}\\to\\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/56\/56a\/56ac3e955c94ca4e30eac553e46c9dca.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.786\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/56\/56a\/56ac3e955c94ca4e30eac553e46c9dca.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/56\/56a\/56ac3e955c94ca4e30eac553e46c9dca.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>================================================================<\/p>\n<h3>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n<h4>A. \u0415\u0449\u0451 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 IMC<\/h4>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u044e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b. \u0418\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 (\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>IMC 1999, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 2, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 2.4.<\/strong> \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.917\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(f(x))\\ge f(x+y)\\,(f(x)+y)\" alt=\"f(f(x))\\ge f(x+y)\\,(f(x)+y)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d0\/d0a\/d0a35fbaee07f0655ce3c3ba75a20b1d.svg\" width=\"224\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"28.804\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d0\/d0a\/d0a35fbaee07f0655ce3c3ba75a20b1d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d0\/d0a\/d0a35fbaee07f0655ce3c3ba75a20b1d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x,y&gt;0\" alt=\"x,y&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5e4\/5e4b764f053470e73014b3bd50d235b9.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"7.557\" data-height=\"1.971\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5e4\/5e4b764f053470e73014b3bd50d235b9.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5e4\/5e4b764f053470e73014b3bd50d235b9.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. <\/p>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f:<\/em> \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(t)\\to0\" alt=\"f(t)\\to0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6f\/6f5\/6f5f8c9cba54009d8627334e52d3f22f.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.472\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6f\/6f5\/6f5f8c9cba54009d8627334e52d3f22f.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6f\/6f5\/6f5f8c9cba54009d8627334e52d3f22f.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"t\\to\\infty\" alt=\"t\\to\\infty\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6b5\/6b5d6a53c31d2a26b57e5ea617cbd6d4.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.599\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6b5\/6b5d6a53c31d2a26b57e5ea617cbd6d4.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6b5\/6b5d6a53c31d2a26b57e5ea617cbd6d4.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0414\u0417-5).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>IMC 2012, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 1, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1.4.<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" alt=\"f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"9.917\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/899\/8990ee3cdaefcc337a785bf1efea5766.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f'(t)&gt;f(f(t))\" alt=\"f'(t)&gt;f(f(t))\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5e0\/5e0785a81bab0d09cfb8bf05590a36ec.svg\" width=\"112\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"14.412\" data-height=\"2.396\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5e0\/5e0785a81bab0d09cfb8bf05590a36ec.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5e0\/5e0785a81bab0d09cfb8bf05590a36ec.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"t\" alt=\"t\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e3\/e35\/e358efa489f58062f10dd7316b65649e.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"0.817\" data-height=\"1.441\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e3\/e35\/e358efa489f58062f10dd7316b65649e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e3\/e35\/e358efa489f58062f10dd7316b65649e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(f(f(t)))\\le0\" alt=\"f(f(f(t)))\\le0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/dc\/dc8\/dc82b8cbffced88ec6c1d8a380ac9bc7.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.979\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/dc\/dc8\/dc82b8cbffced88ec6c1d8a380ac9bc7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/dc\/dc8\/dc82b8cbffced88ec6c1d8a380ac9bc7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"t\\ge0\" alt=\"t\\ge0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/14\/14c\/14c4840d25f36617adf08733542d547d.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.965\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/14\/14c\/14c4840d25f36617adf08733542d547d.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/14\/14c\/14c4840d25f36617adf08733542d547d.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. <\/p>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f:<\/em> \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441\u00bb, \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>IMC 2005, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 2, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 2.1.<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=x^{2}+bx+c\" alt=\"f(x)=x^{2}+bx+c\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/aff\/affa4dc72619a50bc4b2e9e011d93892.svg\" width=\"144\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"18.373\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/aff\/affa4dc72619a50bc4b2e9e011d93892.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/af\/aff\/affa4dc72619a50bc4b2e9e011d93892.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"M=\\{x:|f(x)|&lt;1\\}\" alt=\"M=\\{x:|f(x)|&lt;1\\}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fb\/fb0\/fb097291999911437e5837c1d27cafc2.svg\" width=\"160\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"20.542\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fb\/fb0\/fb097291999911437e5837c1d27cafc2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fb\/fb0\/fb097291999911437e5837c1d27cafc2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"|M|\\le 2\\sqrt2\" alt=\"|M|\\le 2\\sqrt2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/898\/898c7369bb7ba23c09ec7d7f9d435a79.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.845\" data-height=\"2.847\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.858\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/898\/898c7369bb7ba23c09ec7d7f9d435a79.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/89\/898\/898c7369bb7ba23c09ec7d7f9d435a79.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><em>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f:<\/em> \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>IMC 1999, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 1, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1.5<\/strong> \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u2014 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u044e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>B. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0442\u044b \u043a \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c<\/h4>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0451\u043d \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u00bb \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c (\u0432 TikZ \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439). \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439: \u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 1.1.<\/strong> \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c; \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q_1\" alt=\"q_1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/28d\/28dc930e7c69157c9b0876863eee407c.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.997\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/28d\/28dc930e7c69157c9b0876863eee407c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/28d\/28dc930e7c69157c9b0876863eee407c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"q_2\" alt=\"q_2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fa\/fa0\/fa043c065dd111d926a3d140b618b05e.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.997\" data-height=\"1.439\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fa\/fa0\/fa043c065dd111d926a3d140b618b05e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/fa\/fa0\/fa043c065dd111d926a3d140b618b05e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u00ab\u0438\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c (\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430); \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u2014 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c: \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f + \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" alt=\"\\mathbb{Q}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.76\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/5e\/5ea\/5eac308e29708e918ed13a88a4249b74.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\Rightarrow\" alt=\"\\Rightarrow\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.262\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 1.2.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y=ar\" alt=\"y=ar\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/13\/13b\/13be442b08bee1fa033e35cd0b41a517.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"6.343\" data-height=\"1.783\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/13\/13b\/13be442b08bee1fa033e35cd0b41a517.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/1\/13\/13b\/13be442b08bee1fa033e35cd0b41a517.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445; \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u00ab\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\Rightarrow\" alt=\"\\Rightarrow\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"2.262\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/05\/055\/055889aaee38b7c53f994c5e42a40994.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 2.1.<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"2\/3^{n}\" alt=\"2\/3^{n}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/51\/515\/51516eb285f9817660b5c41f46d30f2c.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.541\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/51\/515\/51516eb285f9817660b5c41f46d30f2c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/51\/515\/51516eb285f9817660b5c41f46d30f2c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0434\u043b\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n=1\\ldots6\" alt=\"n=1\\ldots6\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8a\/8ad\/8ad9e8354499a8561873ca58b23ea121.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.043\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8a\/8ad\/8ad9e8354499a8561873ca58b23ea121.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8a\/8ad\/8ad9e8354499a8561873ca58b23ea121.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"2\/3^{x}\" alt=\"2\/3^{x}\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e24\/e244e85defa0253cf1ecc231a37fe4f0.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.497\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e24\/e244e85defa0253cf1ecc231a37fe4f0.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/e\/e2\/e24\/e244e85defa0253cf1ecc231a37fe4f0.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 2.2.<\/strong> \u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u0435 (<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n=2\" alt=\"n=2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c3\/c30\/c303081f7a16f603112b0375bdc84883.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.506\" data-height=\"1.692\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c3\/c30\/c303081f7a16f603112b0375bdc84883.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/c\/c3\/c30\/c303081f7a16f603112b0375bdc84883.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"n=4\" alt=\"n=4\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/aa\/aa4\/aa415f33717e0cf5151a7712cb4f2f59.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.506\" data-height=\"1.717\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/aa\/aa4\/aa415f33717e0cf5151a7712cb4f2f59.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/aa\/aa4\/aa415f33717e0cf5151a7712cb4f2f59.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>) \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"v\" alt=\"v\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.097\" data-height=\"1.027\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9e\/9e3\/9e3669d19b675bd57058fd4664205d2a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u\" alt=\"u\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7b\/7b7\/7b774effe4a349c6dd82ad4f4f21d34c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0443\u0437\u043b\u044b \u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435\u044e\u0442.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 3.1.<\/strong> \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u00bb \u043e\u0442 -1 \u0434\u043e +1, \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(x_0,f(x_0))\" alt=\"(x_0,f(x_0))\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/95\/95a\/95a184f9dbcc23c56cd3c2743062a7e3.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.334\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/95\/95a\/95a184f9dbcc23c56cd3c2743062a7e3.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/95\/95a\/95a184f9dbcc23c56cd3c2743062a7e3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0438\u043f\u0448\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0439 1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 3.2.<\/strong> \u041e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"[a,b]\" alt=\"[a,b]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.431\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/2c\/2c3\/2c3d331bc98b44e71cb2aae9edadca7e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"[m,M]\" alt=\"[m,M]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba6\/ba6b57aa9a15f2ee4db420cc0f475d7b.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.628\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba6\/ba6b57aa9a15f2ee4db420cc0f475d7b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/b\/ba\/ba6\/ba6b57aa9a15f2ee4db420cc0f475d7b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f\" alt=\"f\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.244\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8fa\/8fa14cdd754f91cc6554c9e71929cce7.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"b-a\" alt=\"b-a\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"4.933\" data-height=\"1.756\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/3\/31\/31a\/31a6518d1b04a090784938645b4a6633.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" class=\"formula inline\"\/> \u043e\u0442 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(a,m)\" alt=\"(a,m)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d8\/d8d\/d8dc54742424f8caf8c5c6262e40f644.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"5.949\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d8\/d8d\/d8dc54742424f8caf8c5c6262e40f644.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d8\/d8d\/d8dc54742424f8caf8c5c6262e40f644.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(b,M)\" alt=\"(b,M)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d2\/d2b\/d2b348e68624f989ffe61e12a69e3ab3.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.115\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d2\/d2b\/d2b348e68624f989ffe61e12a69e3ab3.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d2\/d2b\/d2b348e68624f989ffe61e12a69e3ab3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 4.1.<\/strong> \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u044c; \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"u,\\,u\/7,\\,u\/49\" alt=\"u,\\,u\/7,\\,u\/49\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/702\/702ae86ef1e4332782b0c29e0c95cb49.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.306\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/702\/702ae86ef1e4332782b0c29e0c95cb49.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/70\/702\/702ae86ef1e4332782b0c29e0c95cb49.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 0; \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0433\u0438-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u00ab\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 7\u00bb \u0441\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 4.2.<\/strong> \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"f(x)=c(x+\\tfrac16)^2\" alt=\"f(x)=c(x+\\tfrac16)^2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a99\/a99fd5272e52df062cd4477dea4fbc67.svg\" width=\"128\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"16.898\" data-height=\"2.816\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.842\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a99\/a99fd5272e52df062cd4477dea4fbc67.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/a9\/a99\/a99fd5272e52df062cd4477dea4fbc67.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"-\\tfrac16\" alt=\"-\\tfrac16\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f7\/f7f\/f7fc4200dae47d38871639495878c7d4.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"3.556\" data-height=\"2.773\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.821\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f7\/f7f\/f7fc4200dae47d38871639495878c7d4.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f7\/f7f\/f7fc4200dae47d38871639495878c7d4.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"P\" alt=\"P\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/44c\/44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.699\" data-height=\"1.545\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/44c\/44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/44\/44c\/44c29edb103a2872f519ad0c9a0fdaaa.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(7x+1,49f(x))\" alt=\"(7x+1,49f(x))\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/72\/72a\/72a3704a28c01a82be0b732b50766923.svg\" width=\"120\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"15.65\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/72\/72a\/72a3704a28c01a82be0b732b50766923.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/72\/72a\/72a3704a28c01a82be0b732b50766923.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0439; \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 5.1.<\/strong> \u0414\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b: \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"a,\\sqrt{ab},b\" alt=\"a,\\sqrt{ab},b\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f0\/f0b\/f0bc7527190e3d5757139099d8f144da.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.277\" data-height=\"2.866\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.867\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f0\/f0b\/f0bc7527190e3d5757139099d8f144da.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f0\/f0b\/f0bc7527190e3d5757139099d8f144da.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043a \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443), \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044f\u044f \u2014 \u0438\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435; \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\ln\" alt=\"\\ln\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/52\/520\/5204fde33a37283fecb530a5edc7016a.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.887\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/52\/520\/5204fde33a37283fecb530a5edc7016a.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/5\/52\/520\/5204fde33a37283fecb530a5edc7016a.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 5.2.<\/strong> \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y=1\/x\" alt=\"y=1\/x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d4\/d4c\/d4c8db486d028225044d17f42b253eb2.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.682\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d4\/d4c\/d4c8db486d028225044d17f42b253eb2.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d4\/d4c\/d4c8db486d028225044d17f42b253eb2.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"[1,4]\" alt=\"[1,4]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/94\/94f\/94fe668c80113341416b96929a8f1024.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.526\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/94\/94f\/94fe668c80113341416b96929a8f1024.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/94\/94f\/94fe668c80113341416b96929a8f1024.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(1,1),(4,\\tfrac14)\" alt=\"(1,1),(4,\\tfrac14)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/642\/64261a9daf3be143b9858874420286d0.svg\" width=\"88\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"11.727\" data-height=\"2.737\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.803\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/642\/64261a9daf3be143b9858874420286d0.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/64\/642\/64261a9daf3be143b9858874420286d0.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0440\u044e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\sqrt{ab}=2\" alt=\"\\sqrt{ab}=2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/678\/6789e577a86a056a74db898f1e808e53.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.246\" data-height=\"2.866\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.867\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/678\/6789e577a86a056a74db898f1e808e53.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/67\/678\/6789e577a86a056a74db898f1e808e53.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04141.<\/strong> \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"1\/(1+cx)\" alt=\"1\/(1+cx)\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8f4\/8f474adfc63383e3c08be309190373df.svg\" width=\"80\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"10.193\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8f4\/8f474adfc63383e3c08be309190373df.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/8f\/8f4\/8f474adfc63383e3c08be309190373df.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c=0,\\tfrac12,1,2\" alt=\"c=0,\\tfrac12,1,2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/280\/280266edea3f887133eaddbf8291a9a3.svg\" width=\"96\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"12.204\" data-height=\"2.737\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.803\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/280\/280266edea3f887133eaddbf8291a9a3.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/2\/28\/280\/280266edea3f887133eaddbf8291a9a3.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u043d\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(0,4]\" alt=\"(0,4]\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ab\/ab9\/ab99ee0317bb0a2766a3ecc3ced519fc.svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"4.778\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ab\/ab9\/ab99ee0317bb0a2766a3ecc3ced519fc.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/a\/ab\/ab9\/ab99ee0317bb0a2766a3ecc3ced519fc.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u0432\u0441\u0435 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\le1\" alt=\"\\le1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/41\/41e\/41e3ce937e46f8373902e2d137574e92.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"3.52\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/41\/41e\/41e3ce937e46f8373902e2d137574e92.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/41\/41e\/41e3ce937e46f8373902e2d137574e92.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c&gt;0\" alt=\"c&gt;0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/96\/96d\/96df96dd95bbf61a8224853c7a06c48c.svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"5.128\" data-height=\"1.597\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.09\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/96\/96d\/96df96dd95bbf61a8224853c7a06c48c.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/96\/96d\/96df96dd95bbf61a8224853c7a06c48c.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"c\" alt=\"c\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4a\/4a8\/4a8a08f09d37b73795649038408b5f33.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"0.98\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4a\/4a8\/4a8a08f09d37b73795649038408b5f33.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/4\/4a\/4a8\/4a8a08f09d37b73795649038408b5f33.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04142.<\/strong> \u0421\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\\ge x_0\" alt=\"x\\ge x_0\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d6\/d6f\/d6fa298c008fb527e477625ba2e4e7c6.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.593\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d6\/d6f\/d6fa298c008fb527e477625ba2e4e7c6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/d\/d6\/d6f\/d6fa298c008fb527e477625ba2e4e7c6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"\\varepsilon\" alt=\"\\varepsilon\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f8b\/f8b1c5a729a09649c275fca88976d8dd.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"1.054\" data-height=\"2.262\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f8b\/f8b1c5a729a09649c275fca88976d8dd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/f\/f8\/f8b\/f8b1c5a729a09649c275fca88976d8dd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u044c <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x\" alt=\"x\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.294\" data-height=\"1.025\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.025\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/9\/9d\/9dd\/9dd4e461268c8034f5c8564e155c67a6.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04143.<\/strong> \u0421\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"(x^2-1)^2\" alt=\"(x^2-1)^2\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7e\/7e4\/7e439f45cb83fb7e93d6d3011b6fb32e.svg\" width=\"64\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"8.927\" data-height=\"2.565\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.566\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7e\/7e4\/7e439f45cb83fb7e93d6d3011b6fb32e.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/7\/7e\/7e4\/7e439f45cb83fb7e93d6d3011b6fb32e.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> (\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044f\u0445) \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"x^2-1\" alt=\"x^2-1\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/09\/090\/0904593e6b7980b27a67975abb84fbfd.svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"6.179\" data-height=\"2.185\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.186\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/09\/090\/0904593e6b7980b27a67975abb84fbfd.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/09\/090\/0904593e6b7980b27a67975abb84fbfd.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u2014 \u0435\u0451 \u00ab\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb; \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04144.<\/strong> \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"y=Cx\" alt=\"y=Cx\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6b7\/6b7279866f690a74c5b8fcf85e0d4178.svg\" width=\"56\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"7.139\" data-height=\"2.059\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.464\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6b7\/6b7279866f690a74c5b8fcf85e0d4178.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/6\/6b\/6b7\/6b7279866f690a74c5b8fcf85e0d4178.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/> \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"C=0.6,1,1.6\" alt=\"C=0.6,1,1.6\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/87\/87d\/87dfb343d69ae91a824d8f50b60b8e8b.svg\" width=\"104\" height=\"16\" data-width=\"13.663\" data-height=\"2.034\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.439\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/87\/87d\/87dfb343d69ae91a824d8f50b60b8e8b.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/8\/87\/87d\/87dfb343d69ae91a824d8f50b60b8e8b.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>; \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"formula inline\" source=\"C\" alt=\"C\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d6\/0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-width=\"1.719\" data-height=\"1.645\" data-vertical-align=\"-0.05\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d6\/0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257.svg 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/getpro\/habr\/formulas\/0\/0d\/0d6\/0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257.svg 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u04145.<\/strong> \u0421\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 (\u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u00bb), \u0432\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f\u00bb \u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u0412.1 (\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430).<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432-\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432 (\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440; \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e-\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442; \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a-\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442; \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433-\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442; \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440; \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440; \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043a; \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430) \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438; \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0438 (\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a) \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433-\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n<h4>C. \u041e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/h4>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u00ab\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440: \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. <\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. \u0412.1.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"full-width \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/049\/205\/8e0\/0492058e0441713998d9c35c507d8ea3.png\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.B.1\" width=\"934\" height=\"797\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 50vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w780\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/049\/205\/8e0\/0492058e0441713998d9c35c507d8ea3.png 780w,&#10;       https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/r\/w1560\/getpro\/habr\/upload_files\/049\/205\/8e0\/0492058e0441713998d9c35c507d8ea3.png 781w\" loading=\"lazy\" decode=\"async\"\/><\/p>\n<div><figcaption>\u0420\u0438\u0441.B.1<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. \u0412.1.<\/strong> \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440. \u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0438 \u2014 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e (\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f 2) \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 (\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f 3) \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433-\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438 (\u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c) \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 PDF \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/strong> \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e-\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 (\u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c <em>\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/em> \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0435) \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432: \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445, \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u00ab\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u00bb (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 3 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u00ab\u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438). \u0410\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/1047214\/\">https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/articles\/1047214\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0434\u044b (IMC) \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438; \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 IMC 1994\u20132025\u2014\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442.\u042f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0412\u0428\u042d, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 IMC. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c 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\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432  \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430 (\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438); (ii) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435  \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0438, \u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c; (iii) \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0451 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439.================================================================2. \u041c\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 1999, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 1, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1.3.\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435. \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f  \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443  \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445  \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 . \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e  \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430.\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:  \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430 (\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0442).\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438  \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445  \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b  \u0438  \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 ; \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435  \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a . \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c  \u0438  \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438  \u2014 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c .\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.\u0428\u0430\u0433 1 (\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435). \u041e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u041f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044e  \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 . \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 2.1.\u0420\u0438\u0441.2.1.\u0420\u0438\u0441. 2.1. \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430  (\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f). \u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c  \u00ab\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439.\u0428\u0430\u0433 2 (\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430: \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438). \u0412\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0451\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 . \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c  \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b  \u0438 :\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c  (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 2.2). \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430 1, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442  \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e; \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f\u044f , \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c . \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a  \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b,  \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430. \u220e\u0420\u0438\u0441.2.2.\u0420\u0438\u0441. 2.2. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u044b  \u0438  \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0433  \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c : \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432  \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432  \u0438 . \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430  \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043a  \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c .\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f. \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u00bb  \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0433: \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c  \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 -\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a . \u0410 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430  \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f . \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 .================================================================3. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043a \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: IMC 2006, \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 2, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 2.2.\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438  \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445  \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437  \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b .\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:  \u0438\u043b\u0438  (\u0433\u0434\u0435 ). \u0418\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u00ab\u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 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